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hesiod, the homeric hymns, and homerica-第17部分

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gin to build narrow ships。

(ll。 810…813) The ninth of the mid…month improves towards evening; but the first ninth of all is quite harmless for men。  It is a good day on which to beget or to be born both for a male and a female: it is never an wholly evil day。

(ll。 814…818) Again; few know that the twenty…seventh of the month is best for opening a wine…jar; and putting yokes on the necks of oxen and mules and swift…footed horses; and for hauling a swift ship of many thwarts down to the sparkling sea; few call it by its right name。

(ll。 819…821) On the fourth day open a jar。  The fourth of the mid…month is a day holy above all。  And again; few men know that the fourth day after the twentieth is best while it is morning: towards evening it is less good。

(ll。 822…828) These days are a great blessing to men on earth; but the rest are changeable; luckless; and bring nothing。  Everyone praises a different day but few know their nature。  Sometimes a day is a stepmother; sometimes a mother。  That man is happy and lucky in them who knows all these things and does his work without offending the deathless gods; who discerns the omens of birds and avoids transgressions。


ENDNOTES:

(1)  That is; the poor man's fare; like ‘bread and cheese'。 (2)  The All…endowed。 (3)  The jar or casket contained the gifts of the gods mentioned      in l。82。 (4)  Eustathius refers to Hesiod as stating that men sprung ‘from      oaks and stones and ashtrees'。  Proclus believed that the      Nymphs called Meliae (〃Theogony〃; 187) are intended。       Goettling would render: ‘A race terrible because of their      (ashen) spears。' (5)  Preserved only by Proclus; from whom some inferior MSS。 have      copied the verse。  The four following lines occur only in      Geneva Papyri No。 94。  For the restoration of ll。 169b…c see      〃Class。 Quart。〃 vii。 219…220。  (NOTE: Mr。 Evelyn…White means      that the version quoted by Proclus stops at this point; then      picks up at l。 170。  DBK)。 (6)  i。e。 the race will so degenerate that at the last even a      new…born child will show the marks of old age。 (7)  Aidos; as a quality; is that feeling of reverence or shame      which restrains men from wrong: Nemesis is the feeling of      righteous indignation aroused especially by the sight of the      wicked in undeserved prosperity (cf。 〃Psalms〃; lxxii。 1…19)。 (8)  The alternative version is: ‘and; working; you will be much      better loved both by gods and men; for they greatly dislike      the idle。' (9)  i。e。 neighbours come at once and without making      preparations; but kinsmen by marriage (who live at a      distance) have to prepare; and so are long in coming。 (10) Early in May。 (11) In November。 (12) In October。 (13) For pounding corn。 (14) A mallet for breaking clods after ploughing。 (15) The loaf is a flattish cake with two intersecting lines      scored on its upper surface which divide it into four equal      parts。 (16) The meaning is obscure。  A scholiast renders ‘giving eight      mouthfulls'; but the elder Philostratus uses the word in      contrast to ‘leavened'。 (17) About the middle of November。 (18) Spring is so described because the buds have not yet cast      their iron…grey husks。 (19) In December。 (20) In March。 (21) The latter part of January and earlier part of February。 (22) i。e。 the octopus or cuttle。 (23) i。e。 the darker…skinned people of Africa; the Egyptians or      Aethiopians。 (24) i。e。 an old man walking with a staff (the ‘third leg'  as      in the riddle of the Sphinx)。 (25) February to March。 (26) i。e。 the snail。  The season is the middle of May。 (27) In June。 (28) July。 (29) i。e。 a robber。 (30) September。 (31) The end of October。 (32) That is; the succession of stars which make up the full      year。 (33) The end of October or beginning of November。 (34) July…August。 (35) i。e。 untimely; premature。  Juvenal similarly speaks of      ‘cruda senectus' (caused by gluttony)。 (36) The thought is parallel to that of ‘O; what a goodly outside      falsehood hath。' (37) The ‘common feast' is one to which all present subscribe。       Theognis (line 495) says that one of the chief pleasures of      a banquet is the general conversation。  Hence the present      passage means that such a feast naturally costs little;      while the many present will make pleasurable conversation。 (38) i。e。 ‘do not cut your finger…nails'。 (39) i。e。 things which it would be sacrilege to disturb; such as      tombs。 (40) H。G。 Evelyn…White prefers to switch ll。 768 and 769; reading      l。 769 first then l。 768。  DBK (41) The month is divided into three periods; the waxing; the      mid…month; and the waning; which answer to the phases of the      moon。 (42) i。e。 the ant。 (43) Such seems to be the meaning here; though the epithet is      otherwise rendered ‘well…rounded'。  Corn was threshed by      means of a sleigh with two runners having three or four      rollers between them; like the modern Egyptian 〃nurag〃。



THE DIVINATION BY BIRDS (fragments)

Proclus on Works and Days; 828: Some make the 〃Divination by Birds〃; which Apollonius of Rhodes rejects as spurious; follow this verse (〃Works and Days〃; 828)。



THE ASTRONOMY (fragments)

Fragment #1  Athenaeus xi; p。 491 d: And the author of 〃The Astronomy〃; which is attributed forsooth to Hesiod; always calls them (the Pleiades) Peleiades: ‘but mortals call them Peleiades'; and again; ‘the stormy Peleiades go down'; and again; ‘then the Peleiades hide away。。。。'

Scholiast on Pindar; Nem。 ii。 16: The Pleiades。。。。 whose stars are these:  ‘Lovely Teygata; and dark…faced Electra; and Alcyone; and bright Asterope; and Celaeno; and Maia; and Merope; whom glorious Atlas begot。。。。' ((LACUNA)) ‘In the mountains of Cyllene she (Maia) bare Hermes; the herald of the gods。'


Fragment #2  Scholiast on Aratus 254: But Zeus made them (the sisters of Hyas) into the stars which are called Hyades。  Hesiod in his Book about Stars tells us their names as follows: ‘Nymphs like the Graces (1); Phaesyle and Coronis and rich…crowned Cleeia and lovely Phaco and long…robed Eudora; whom the tribes of men upon the earth call Hyades。'


Fragment #3  Pseudo…Eratosthenes Catast。 frag。 1: (2) The Great Bear。'  Hesiod says she (Callisto) was the daughter of Lycaon and lived in Arcadia。  She chose to occupy herself with wild…beasts in the mountains together with Artemis; and; when she was seduced by Zeus; continued some time undetected by the goddess; but afterwards; when she was already with child; was seen by her bathing and so discovered。  Upon this; the goddess was enraged and changed her into a beast。  Thus she became a bear and gave birth to a son called Arcas。  But while she was in the mountains; she was hunted by some goat…herds and given up with her babe to Lycaon。  Some while after; she thought fit to go into the forbidden precinct of Zeus; not knowing the law; and being pursued by her own son and the Arcadians; was about to be killed because of the said law; but Zeus delivered her because of her connection with him and put her among the stars; giving her the name Bear because of the misfortune which had befallen her。

Comm。 Supplem。 on Aratus; p。 547 M。 8: Of Bootes; also called the Bear…warden。  The sto
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