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of the delicacy of taste and passion-第1部分

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          OF THE DELICACY OF TASTE AND PASSION

                              

                          

                              

                   

                         David Hume

                              

                            1741

                              





     /SOME People are subject to a certain  of

; which makes them extremely sensible to all the

accidents of life; and gives them a lively joy upon every

prosperous event; as well as a piercing grief; when they

meet with misfortunes and adversity。 Favours and good

offices easily engage their friendship; while the smallest

injury provokes their resentment。 Any honour or mark of

distinction elevates them above measure; but they are as

sensibly touched with contempt。 People of this character

have; no doubt; more lively enjoyments; as well as more

pungent sorrows; than men of cool and sedate tempers: But; I

believe; when every thing is balanced; there is no one; who

would not rather be of the latter character; were he

entirely master of his own disposition。 Good or ill fortune

is very little at our disposal: And when a person; that has

this sensibility of temper; meets with any misfortune; his

sorrow or resentment takes entire possession of him; and

deprives him of all relish in the common occurrences of

life; the right enjoyment of which forms the chief part of

our happiness。 Great pleasures are much less frequent than

great pains; so that a sensible temper must meet with fewer

trials in the former way than in the latter。 Not to mention;

that men of such lively passions are apt to be transported

beyond all bounds of prudence and discretion; and to take

false steps in the conduct of life; which are often

irretrievable。

     There is a  of  observable in some

men; which very much resembles this  of ;

and produces the same sensibility to beauty and deformity of

every kind; as that does to prosperity and adversity;

obligations and injuries。 When you present a poem or a

picture to a man possessed of this talent; the delicacy of

his feeling makes him be sensibly touched with every part of

it; nor are the masterly strokes perceived with more

exquisite relish and satisfaction; than the negligences or

absurdities with disgust and uneasiness。 A polite and

judicious conversation affords him the highest

entertainment; rudeness or impertinence is as great a

punishment to him。 In short; delicacy of taste has the same

effect as delicacy of passion: It enlarges the sphere both

of our happiness and misery; and makes us sensible to pains

as well as pleasures; which escape the rest of mankind。

     I believe; however; every one will agree with me; that;

notwithstanding this resemblance; delicacy of taste is as

much to be desired and cultivated as delicacy of passion is

to be lamented; and to be remedied; if possible。 The good or

ill accidents of life are very little at our disposal; but

we are pretty much masters what books we shall read; what

diversions we shall partake of; and what company we shall

keep。 Philosophers have endeavoured to render happiness

entirely independent of every thing external。 That degree of

perfection is impossible to be : But every wise

man will endeavour to place his happiness on such objects

chiefly as depend upon himself: and  is not to be

 so much by any other means as by this delicacy of

sentiment。 When a man is possessed of that talent; he is

more happy by what pleases his taste; than by what gratifies

his appetites; and receives more enjoyment from a poem or a

piece of reasoning than the most expensive luxury can

afford。

     Whatever connexion there may be originally between

these two species of delicacy; I am persuaded; that nothing

is so proper to cure us of this delicacy of passion; as the

cultivating of that higher and more refined taste; which

enables us to judge of the characters of men; of

compositions of genius; and of the productions of the nobler

arts。 A greater or less relish for those obvious beauties;

which strike the senses; depends entirely upon the greater

or less sensibility of the temper: But with regard to the

sciences and liberal arts; a fine taste is; in some measure;

the same with strong sense; or at least depends so much upon

it; that they are inseparable。 In order to judge aright of a

composition of genius; there are so many views to be taken

in; so many circumstances to be compared; and such a

knowledge of human nature requisite; that no man; who is not

possessed of the soundest judgment; will ever make a

tolerable critic in such performances。 And this is a new

reason for cultivating a relish in the liberal arts。 Our

judgment will strengthen by this exercise: We shall form

juster notions of life: Many things; which please or afflict

others; will appear to us too frivolous to engage our

attention: And we shall lose by degrees that sensibility and

delicacy of passion; which is so incommodious。

     But perhaps I have gone too far in saying; that a

cultivated taste for the polite arts extinguishes the

passions; and renders us indifferent to those objects; which

are so fondly pursued by the rest of mankind。 On farther

reflection; I find; that it rather improves our sensibility

for all the tender and agreeable passions; at the same time

that it renders the mind incapable of the rougher and more

boisterous emotions。

     。

     For this; I think there may be assigned two very

natural reasons。 In the  place; nothing is so

improving to the temper as the study of the beauties; either

of poetry; eloquence; music; or painting。 They give a

certain elegance of sentiment to which the rest of mankind

are strangers。 The emotions which they excite are soft and

tender。 They draw off the mind from the hurry of business

and interest; cherish reflection; dispose to tranquillity;

and produce an agreeable melancholy; which; of all

dispositions of the mind; is the best suited to love and

friendship。

     In the  place; a delicacy of taste is

favourable to love and friendship; by confining our choice

to few people; and making us indifferent to the company and

conversation of the greater part of men。 You will seldom

find; that mere men of the world; whatever strong sense they

may be endowed with; are very nice in distinguishing

characters; or in marking those insensible differences and

gradations; which make one man preferable to another。 Any

one; that has competent sense; is sufficient for their

entertainment: They talk to him; of their pleasure and

affairs; with the same frankness that they would to another;

and finding many; who are fit to supply his place; they

never feel any vacancy or want in his absence。 But to make

use of the allusion of a celebrated French'2' author; the

judgment may be compared to a clock or watch; where the most

ordinary machine is sufficient to tell the hours; b
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