友情提示:如果本网页打开太慢或显示不完整,请尝试鼠标右键“刷新”本网页!
恐怖书库 返回本书目录 加入书签 我的书架 我的书签 TXT全本下载 『收藏到我的浏览器』

shorter logic-第84部分

快捷操作: 按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页 按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页 按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部! 如果本书没有阅读完,想下次继续接着阅读,可使用上方 "收藏到我的浏览器" 功能 和 "加入书签" 功能!


mechanism has its place; though there; too; it is a subordinate one。 We are right in speaking of
mechanical memory; and all sorts of mechanical operations; such as reading; writing; playing on
musical instruments; etc。 In memory; indeed; the mechanical quality of the action is essential: a
circumstance of which the neglect has not unfrequently caused great harm in the training of the
young; from the misapplied zeal of modern educationalists for the freedom of intelligence。 It would
betray bad psychology; however; to have recourse to mechanism for an explanation of the nature
of memory; and to apply mechanical laws straight off to the soul。 The mechanical feature in
memory lies merely in the fact that certain signs; tones; etc。; are apprehended in their purely
external association; and then reproduced in this association; without attention being expressly
directed to their meaning and inward association。 To become acquainted with these conditions of
mechanical memory requires no further study of mechanics; nor would that study tend at all to
advance the special inquiry of psychology。 



                                  § 196

The want of stability in itself which allows the object to suffer violence; is
possessed by it (see preceding §) only in so far as it has a certain stability。 Now
as the object is implicitly invested with the character of notion; the one of these
characteristics is not merged into its other; but the object; through the negation of
itself (its lack of independence); closes with itself; and not till it so closes; is it
independent。 Thus at the same time in distinction from the outwardness; and
negativing that outwardness in its independence; does this independence form a
negative unity with self … Centrality (subjectivity)。 So conceived; the other itself
has direction and reference towards the external。 But this external object is
similarly central in itself; and being so; is no less only referred towards the other
centre; so that it no less has its centrality in the other。 This is (2) Mechanism
with Affinity (with bias; or 'difference'); and may be illustrated by gravitation;
appetite; social instinct; etc。 



                                  § 197

This relation; when fully carried out; forms a syllogism。 In that syllogism the
immanent negativity; as the central individuality of an object (abstract centre)
relates itself to non…independent objects; as the other extreme; by a mean which
unites the centrality with the non…independence of the objects (relative centre)。
This is (3) Absolute Mechanism。 



                                  § 198

The syllogism thus indicated (I … P … U) is a triad of syllogisms。 The wrong
individuality of non…independent objects; in which formal Mechanism is at home;
is; by reason of that non…independence; no less universality; though it be only
external。 Hence these objects also form the mean between the absolute…and the
relative centre (the form of syllogism being U … I … P): for it is by this want of
independence that those two are kept asunder and made extremes; as well as
related to one another。 Similarly absolute centrality; as the permanently
underlying universal substance (illustrated by the gravity which continues
identical); which as pure negativity equally includes individuality in it; is what
mediates between the relative centre and the non…independent objects (the form
of syllogism being P … U … I)。 It does so no less essentially as a disintegrating
force; in its character of immanent individuality; than in virtue of universality;
acting as an identical bond of union and tranquil self…containedness。 Like the solar
system; so for example in the practical sphere the state is a system of three
syllogisms。 

(1) The Individual or person; through his particularity or physical or mental needs
(which when carried out to their full development give civil society); is coupled
with the universal; i。e。 with society; law; right; government。 

(2) The will or action of the individuals is the intermediating force which procures
for these needs satisfaction in society; in law; etc。; and which gives to society;
law; etc。; their fulfilment and actualisation。 

(3) But the universal; that is to say the state; government; and law; is the
permanent underlying mean in which the individuals and their satisfaction have
and receive their fulfilled reality; intermediation; and persistence。 Each of the
functions of the notion; as it is brought by intermediation to coalesce with the
other extreme; is brought into union with itself and produces itself: which
production is self…preservation。 It is only by the nature of this triple coupling; by
this triad of syllogisms with the same terming that a whole is thoroughly
understood in its organisation。 



                                  § 199

The immediacy of existence; which the objects have in Absolute Mechanism; is
implicitly negatived by the fact that their independence is derived from; and due
to; their connections with each other; and therefore to their own want of stability。
Thus the object must be explicitly stated as in its existence having an Affinity (or
a bias) towards its other … as not…indifferent。 



                             (b) Chemism
                                  § 200

The not…indifferent (biased) object has an immanent mode which constitutes its
nature; and in which it has existence。 But as it is invested with the character of
total notion; it is the contradiction between this totality and the special mode of its
existence。 Consequently it is the constant endeavour to cancel this contradiction
and to make its definite being equal to the notion。 

Chemism is a category of objectivity which; as a rule; is not particularly emphasised; and is
generally put under the head of mechanism。 The common name of mechanical relationship is
applied to both; in contradistinction to the teleological。 There is a reason for this in the common
feature which belongs to mechanism and chemism。 In them the notion exists; but only implicit and
latent; and they are thus both marked off from teleology where the notion has real independent
existence。 This is true: and yet chemism and mechanism are very decidedly distinct。 The object; in
the form of mechanism; is primarily only an indifferent reference to self; while the chemical object
is seen to be completely in reference to something else。 No doubt even in mechanism; as it
develops itself; there spring up references to something else: but the nexus of mechanical objects
with one another is at first only an external nexus; so that the objects in connection with one
another still retain the semblance of independence。 

In nature; for example; the several celestial bodies; which form our solar system; compose a
kinetic system; and thereby show that they are related to one another。 Motion; however; as the
unity of time and space; is a connection which is purely abstract and external。 And it seems
therefore as if these celestial bodies; which are thus externally connected with each other; would
continue to be what they are; even apart from this reciprocal relation。 The case is 
返回目录 上一页 下一页 回到顶部 3 3
快捷操作: 按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页 按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页 按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部!
温馨提示: 温看小说的同时发表评论,说出自己的看法和其它小伙伴们分享也不错哦!发表书评还可以获得积分和经验奖励,认真写原创书评 被采纳为精评可以获得大量金币、积分和经验奖励哦!