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shorter logic-第94部分

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But this harmony between the 'is' and the 'ought to be' is not torpid and rigidly stationary。 Good;
the final end of the world; has being; only while it constantly produces itself。 And the world of
spirit and the world of nature continue to have this distinction; that the latter moves only in a
recurring cycle; while the former certainly also makes progress。 



                                   §235

Thus the truth of the Good is laid down as the unity of the theoretical and
practical idea in the doctrine that the Good is radically and really achieved; that
the objective world is in itself and for itself the Idea; just as it at the same time
eternally lays itself down as End; and by action brings about its actuality。 This life
which has returned to itself from the bias and finitude of cognition; and which by
the activity of the notion has become identical with it; is the Speculative or
Absolute Idea。 



                        (c) The Absolute Idea
                                   §236

The Idea; as unity of the Subjective and Objective Idea; is the notion of the Idea
… a notion whose object (Gegenstand) is the Idea as such; and for which the
objective (Objekt) is Idea … an Object which embraces all characteristics in its
unity。 This unity is consequently the absolute and all truth; the Idea which thinks
itself … and here at least as a thinking or Logical Idea。 

                                  § 236n

The Absolute Idea is; in the first place; the unity of the theoretical and practical idea; and thus at
the same time the unity of the idea of life with the idea of cognition。 In cognition we had the idea in
a biased; one…sided shape。 The process of cognition has issued in the overthrow of this bias and
the restoration of that unity; which as unity; and in its immediacy; is in the first instance the Idea of
Life。 The defect of life lies in its being only the idea implicit or natural: whereas cognition is in an
equally one…sided way the merely conscious idea; or the idea for itself。 The unity and truth of these
two is the Absolute Idea; which is both in itself and for itself。 Hitherto we have had the idea in
development through its various grades as our object; but now the idea comes to be its own
object。 This is the noisis noiseos which Aristotle long ago termed the supreme form of the idea。 



                                  § 237

Seeing that there is in it no transition; or presupposition; and in general no specific
character other than what is fluid and transparent; the Absolute Idea is for itself
the pure form of the notion; which contemplates its contents as its own self。 It is
its own content; in so far as it ideally distinguishes itself from itself; and the one
of the two things distinguished is a self…identity in which however is contained the
totality of the form as the system of terms describing its content。 This content is
the system of Logic。 All that is at this stage left as form for the idea is the Method
of this content … the specific consciousness of the value and currency of the
'moments' in its development。 

                                  § 237n

To speak of the absolute idea may suggest the conception that we are at length reaching the right
thing and the sum of the whole matter。 It is certainly possible to indulge in a vast amount of
senseless declamation about the idea absolute。 But its true content is only the whole system of
which we have been hitherto studying the development。 It may also be said in this strain that the
absolute idea is the universal; but the universal not merely as an abstract form to which the
particular content is a stranger; but as the absolute form; into which all the categories; the whole
fullness of the content it has given being to; have retired。 The absolute idea may in this respect be
compared to the old man who utters the same creed as the child; but for whom it is pregnant with
the significance of a lifetime。 Even if the child understands the truths of religion; he cannot but
imagine them to be something outside of which lies the whole of life and the whole of the world。
The same may be said to be the case with human life as a whole and the occurrences with which it
is fraught。 All work is directed only to the aim or end; and when it is attained; people are surprised
to find nothing else but just the very thing which they had wished for。 The interest lies in the whole
movement。 When a man traces up the steps of his life; the end may appear to him very restricted:
but in it the whole decursus vitae is comprehended。 So; too; the content of the absolute idea is
the whole breadth of ground which has passed under our view up to this point。 Last of all comes
the discovery that the whole evolution is what constitutes the content and the interest。 It is indeed
the prerogative of the philosopher to see that everything; which; taken apart; is narrow and
restricted; receives its value by its connection with the whole; and by forming an organic element
of the idea。 Thus it is that we have had the content already; and what we have now is the
knowledge that the content is the living development of the idea。 This simple retrospect is
contained in the form of the idea。 Each of the stages hitherto reviewed is an image of the absolute;
but at first in a limited way; and thus it is forced onwards to the whole; the evolution of which is
what we termed Method。 



                                   §238

The several steps or stages of the Speculative Method are; first of all; (a) the
Beginning; which is Being or Immediacy: self…subsistent; for the simple reason
that it is the beginning。 But looked at from the speculative idea; Being is its
self…specialising act; which as the absolute negativity or movement of the notion
makes a judgement and puts itself as its own negative。 Being; which to the
beginning as beginning seems mere abstract affirmation; is thus rather negation;
dependency; derivation; and presupposition。 But it is the notion of which Being is
the negation: and the notion is completely self…identical in its otherness; and is the
certainty of itself。 Being therefore is the notion implicit; before it has been
explicitly put as a notion。 This Being therefore; as the still unspecified notion … a
notion that is only implicitly or 'immediately' specified … is equally describable as
the Universal。 

When it means immediate being; the beginning is taken from sensation and
perception … the initial stage in the analytical method of finite cognition。 When it
means universality; it is the beginning of the systematic method。 But since the
Logical Idea is as much a universal as it is in being … since it is presupposed by the
notion as much as it itself immediately is; its beginning is a synthetic as well as an
analytical beginning。 

                                  §238n

Philosophical method is analytical as well as synthetic; not indeed in the sense of a bare
juxtaposition or mere alternating employment of these two methods of finite cognition; but rather in
such a way that it holds them merged in itself。 In every one of its movements therefore it displays
an attitude at 
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