the complete angler-第25部分

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or　rather　two；　which　you　are　to　fish　with　in　a　stream　where　the　waters　run　somewhat　quietly；　for　in　a　stream　the　bait　will　not　be　so　well　discerned。　I　say；　in　a　quiet　or　dead　place；　near　to　some　swift；　there　draw　your　bait　over　the　top　of　the　water；　to　and　fro；　and　if　there　be　a　good　Trout　in　the　hole；　he　will　take　it；　especially　if　the　night　be　dark；　for　then　he　is　bold；　and　lies　near　the　top　of　the　water；　watching　the　motion　of　any　frog　or　water…rat；　or　mouse；　that　swims　betwixt　him　and　the　sky；　these　he　hunts　after；　if　he　sees　the　water　but　wrinkle　or　move　in　one　of　these　dead　holes；　where　these　great　old　Trouts　usually　lie；　near　to　their　holds；　for　you　are　to　note；　that　the　great　old　Trout　is　both　subtle　and　fearful；　and　lies　close　all　day；　and　does　not　usually　stir　out　of　his　hold；　but　lies　in　it　as　close　in　the　day　as　the　timorous　hare　does　in　her　form；　for　the　chief　feeding　of　either　is　seldom　in　the　day；　but　usually　in　the　night；　and　then　the　great　Trout　feeds　very　boldly。

And　you　must　fish　for　him　with　a　strong　line；　and　not　a　little　hook；　and　let　him　have　time　to　gorge　your　hook；　for　he　does　not　usually　forsake　it；　as　he　oft　will　in　the　day…fishing。　And　if　the　night　be　not　dark；　then　fish　so　with　an　artificial　fly　of　a　light　colour；　and　at　the　snap：　nay；　he　will　sometimes　rise　at　a　dead　mouse；　or　a　piece　of　cloth；　or　anything　that　seems　to　swim　across　the　water；　or　to　be　in　motion。　This　is　a　choice　way；　but　I　have　not　oft　used　it；　because　it　is　void　of　the　pleasures　that　such　days　as　these；　that　we　two　now　enjoy；　afford　an　angler

And　you　are　to　know；　that　in　Hampshire；　which　I　think　exceeds　all　England　for　swift；　shallow；　clear；　pleasant　brooks；　and　store　of　Trouts；　they　used　to　catch　Trouts　in　the　night；　by　the　light　of　a　torch　or　straw；　which；　when　they　have　discovered；　they　strike　with　a　Trout…spear；　or　other　ways。　This　kind　of　way　they　catch　very　many：　but　I　would　not　believe　it　till　I　was　an　eye…witness　of　it；　nor　do　I　like　it　now　I　have　seen　it。

Venator。　But；　master；　do　not　Trouts　see　us　in　the　night？

Piscator　Yes；　and　hear；　and　smell　too；　both　then　and　in　the　day…time：　for　Gesner　observes；　the　Otter　smells　a　fish　forty　furlongs　off　him　in　the　water：　and　that　it　may　be　true；　seems　to　be　affirmed　by　Sir　Francis　Bacon；　in　the　eighth　century　of　his　Natural　History；　who　there　proves　that　waters　may　be　the　medium　of　sounds；　by　demonstrating　it　thus：　〃　That　if　you　knock　two　stones　together　very　deep　under　the　water；　those　that　stand　on　a　bank　near　to　that　place　may　hear　the　noise　without　any　diminution　of　it　by　the　water　〃　。　He　also　offers　the　like　experiment　concerning　the　letting　an　anchor　fall；　by　a　very　long　cable　or　rope；　on　a　rock；　or　the　sand；　within　the　sea。　And　this　being　so　well　observed　and　demonstrated　as　it　is　by　that　learned　man；　has　made　me　to　believe　that　Eels　unbed　themselves　and　stir　at　the　noise　of　thunder；　and　not　only；　as　some　think；　by　the　motion　or　stirring　of　the　earth　which　is　occasioned　by　that　thunder。

And　this　reason　of　Sir　Francis　Bacon　has　made　me　crave　pardon　of　one　that　I　laughed　at　for　affirming　that　he　knew　Carps　come　to　a　certain　place；　in　a　pond；　to　be　fed　at　the　ringing　of　a　bell　or　the　beating　of　a　drum。　And；　however；　it　shall　be　a　rule　for　me　to　make　as　little　noise　as　I　can　when　I　am　fishing；　until　Sir　Francis　Bacon　be　confuted；　which　I　shall　give　any　man　leave　to　do。

And　lest　you　may　think　him　singular　in　this　opinion；　I　will　tell　you；　this

seems　to　be　believed　by　our　learned　Doctor　Hakewill；　who　in　his　Apology　of　God's　power　and　providence；　quotes　Pliny　to　report　that　one　of　the　emperors　had　particular　fish…ponds；　and；　in　them；　several　fish　that　appeared　and　came　when　they　were　called　by　their　particular　names。　And　St。　James　tells　us；　that　all　things　in　the　sea　have　been　tamed　by　mankind。　And　Pliny　tells　us；　that　Antonia；　the　wife　of　Drusus；　had　a　Lamprey　at　whose　gills　she　hung　jewels　or　ear…rings；　and　that　others　have　been　so　tender…hearted　as　to　shed　tears　at　the　death　of　fishes　which　they　have　kept　and　loved。　And　these　observations；　which　will　to　most　hearers　seem　wonderful；　seem　to　have　a　further　confirmation　from　Martial；　who　writes　thus：…

Piscator；　fuge；　ne　nocens；　etc。

Angler　！　would'st　thou　be　guiltless　？　then　forbear；　For　these　are　sacred　fishes　that　swim　here；　Who　know　their　sovereign；　and　will　lick　his　hand；　Than　which　none's　greater　in　the　world's　command；　Nay　more　they've　names；　and；　when　they　called　are；　Do　to　their　several　owner's　call　repair。

All　the　further　use　that　I　shall　make　of　this　shall　be；　to　advise　anglers　to　be　patient；　and　forbear　swearing；　lest　they　be　heard；　and　catch　no　fish。

And　so　I　shall　proceed　next　to　tell　you；　it　is　certain　that　certain　fields　near　Leominster；　a　town　in　Herefordshire；　are　observed　to　make　the　sheep　that　graze　upon　them　more　fat　than　the　next；　and　also　to　bear　finer　wool；　that　is　to　say；　that　that　year　in　which　they　feed　in　such　a　particular　pasture；　they　shall　yield　finer　wool　than　they　did　that　year　before　they　came　to　feed　in　it；　and　coarser；　again；　if　they　shall　return　to　their　former　pasture；　and；　again；　return　to　a　finer　wool；　being　fed　in　the　fine　wool　ground：　which　I　tell　you；　that　you　may　the　better　believe　that　I　am　certain；　if　I　catch　a　Trout　in　one　meadow；　he　shall　be　white　and　faint；　and　very　like　to　be　lousy；　and；　as　certainly；　it　I　catch　a　Trout　in　the　next　meadow；　he　shall　be　strong；　and　red；　and　lusty；　and　much　better　meat　Trust　me；　scholar；　I　have　caught　many　a　Trout　in　a　particular　meadow；　that　the　very　shape　and　the　enamelled　colour　of　him　hath　been　such　as　hath　joyed　me　to　look　on　him：　and　I　have　then；　with　much　pleasure；　concluded　with　Solomon；　〃Everything　is　beautiful　in　his　season〃。

I　should；　by　promise；　speak　next　of　the　Salmon；　but　I　will；　by　your　favour；　say　a　little　of　the　Umber　or　Grayling；　which　is　so　like　a　Trout　for　his　shape　and　feeding；　that　I　desire　I　may　exercise　your　patience　with　a　short　discourse　of　him；　and　then；　the　next　shall　be　of　the　Salmon。




The　fourth　day　…　continued

The　Umber　or　Grayling

Chapter　VI

Piscator

The　Umber　and　Grayling　are　thought　by　some　to　differ　as　the　Herring　and　Pilchard　do。　But　though　they　may　do　so　in　other　nations；　I　think　those　in　England　differ　nothing　but　in　their　names。　Aldrovandus　says；　they　be　of　a　Trout　kind；　and　Gesner　says；　that　in　his　country；　which　is　Switzerland；　he　is　accounted　the　choicest　of　all　fish。　And　in　Italy；　he　is；　in　the　month　of　May；　so　highly　valued；　that　he　is　sold　there　at　a　much　higher　rate　than　any　other　fish。　The　French；　which　call　the　Chub　Un　Villain；　call　the　Umber　of　the　lake　Leman　Un　Umble　Chevalier；　and　they　value　the　Umber　or　Grayling　so　highly；　that　they　say　he　feeds　on　gold；　and　say；　that　many　have　been　caught　out　of　their　famous　river　of　Loire；　out　of　whose　bellies　grains　of　gold　have　been　often　taken。　And　some　think　that　he　feeds　on　water　thyme；　and　smells　of　it　at　his　first　taking　out　of　the　water；　and　they　may　think　so　with　as　good　reason　as　we　do　that　our　Smelts　smell　like　violets　at　their　being　first　caught；　which　I　think　is　a　truth。　Aldrovandus　says；　the　Salmon；　the　Grayling；　and　Trout；　and　all　fish　that　live　in　clear　and　sharp　streams；　are　made　by　their　mother　Na