the complete angler-第4部分

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And　this　makes　me　the　less　to　wonder　at　the　many　Aviaries　in　Italy；　or　at　the　great　charge　of　Varro's　Aviary；　the　ruins　of　which　are　yet　to　be　seen　in　Rome；　and　is　still　so　famous　there；　that　it　is　reckoned　for　one　of　those　notables　which　men　of　foreign　nations　either　record；　or　lay　up　in　their　memories　when　they　return　from　travel。

This　for　the　birds　of　pleasure；　of　which　very　much　more　might　be　said。　My　next　shall　be　of　birds　of　political　use。　I　think　it　is　not　to　be　doubted　that　Swallows　have　been　taught　to　carry　letters　between　two　armies；　but　'tis　certain　that　when　the　Turks　besieged　Malta　or　Rhodes；　I　now　remember　not　which　it　was；　Pigeons　are　then　related　to　carry　and　recarry　letters：　and　Mr。　G。　Sandys；　in　his　Travels；　relates　it　to　be　done　betwixt　Aleppo　and　Babylon；　But　if　that　be　disbelieved；　it　is　not　to　be　doubted　that　the　Dove　was　sent　out　of　the　ark　by　Noah；　to　give　him　notice　of　land；　when　to　him　all　appeared　to　be　sea；　and　the　Dove　proved　a　faithful　and　comfortable　messenger。　And　for　the　sacrifices　of　the　law；　a　pair　of　Turtle…doves；　or　young　Pigeons；　were　as　well　accepted　as　costly　Bulls　and　Rams；　and　when　God　would　feed　the　Prophet　Elijah；　after　a　kind　of　miraculous　manner；　he　did　it　by　Ravens；　who　brought　him　meat　morning　and　evening。　Lastly；　the　Holy　Ghost；　when　he　descended　visibly　upon　our　Saviour；　did　it　by　assuming　the　shape　of　a　Dove。　And；　to　conclude　this　part　of　my　discourse；　pray　remember　these　wonders　were　done　by　birds　of　air；　the　element　in　which　they；　and　I；　take　so　much　pleasure。

There　is　also　a　little　contemptible　winged　creature；　an　inhabitant　of　my　aerial　element；　namely　the　laborious　Bee；　of　whose　prudence；　policy；　and　regular　government　of　their　own　commonwealth；　I　might　say　much；　as　also　of　their　several　kinds；　and　how　useful　their　honey　and　wax　are　both　for　meat　and　medicines　to　mankind；　but　I　will　leave　them　to　their　sweet　labour；　without　the　least　disturbance；　believing　them　to　be　all　very　busy　at　this　very　time　amongst　the　herbs　and　flowers　that　we　see　nature　puts　forth　this　May　morning。

And　now　to　return　to　my　Hawks；　from　whom　I　have　made　too　long　a　digression。　You　are　to　note；　that　they　are　usually　distinguished　into　two　kinds；　namely；　the　long…winged；　and　the　short…winged　Hawk：　of　the　first　kind；　there　be　chiefly　in　use　amongst　us　in　this　nation；

The　Gerfalcon　and　Jerkin；　The　Falcon　and　Tassel…gentle；　The　Laner　and　Laneret；　The　Bockerel　and　Bockeret；　The　Saker　and　Sacaret；　The　Merlin　and　Jack　Merlin；　The　Hobby　and　Jack：　There　is　the　Stelletto　of　Spain；　The　Blood…red　Rook　from　Turkey；　The　Waskite　from　Virginia：　And　there　is　of　short…winged　Hawks；　The　Eagle　and　Iron　The　Goshawk　and　Tarcel；　The　Sparhawk　and　Musket；　The　French　Pye　of　two　sorts：

These　are　reckoned　Hawks　of　note　and　worth；　but　we　have　also　of　an　inferior　rank；

The　Stanyel；　the　Ringtail；　The　Raven；　the　Buzzard；　The　Forked　Kite；　the　Bald　Buzzard；

The　Hen…driver；　and　others　that　I　forbear　to　name。

Gentlemen；　if　I　should　enlarge　my　discourse　to　the　observation　of　the　Eires；　the　Brancher；　the　Ramish　Hawk；　the　Haggard；　and　the　two　sorts　of　Lentners；　and　then　treat　of　their　several　Ayries；　their　Mewings；　rare　order　of　casting；　and　the　renovation　of　their　feathers：　their　reclaiming；　dieting；　and　then　come　to　their　rare　stories　of　practice；　I　say；　if　I　should　enter　into　these；　and　many　other　observations　that　I　could　make；　it　would　be　much；　very　much　pleasure　to　me：　but　lest　I　should　break　the　rules　of　civility　with　you；　by　taking　up　more　than　the　proportion　of　time　allotted　to　me；　I　will　here　break　off；　and　entreat　you；　Mr。　Venator；　to　say　what　you　are　able　in　the　commendation　of　Hunting；　to　which　you　are　so　much　affected；　and　if　time　will　serve；　I　will　beg　your　favour　for　a　further　enlargement　of　some　of　those　several　heads　of　which　I　have　spoken。　But　no　more　at　present。

Venator。　Well；　Sir；　and　I　will　now　take　my　turn；　and　will　first　begin　with　a　commendation　of　the　Earth；　as　you　have　done　most　excellently　of　the　Air；　the　Earth　being　that　element　upon　which　I　drive　my　pleasant；　wholesome；　hungry　trade。　The　Earth　is　a　solid；　settled　element；　an　element　most　universally　beneficial　both　to　man　and　beast；　to　men　who　have　their　several　recreations　upon　it；　as　horse…races；　hunting；　sweet　smells；　pleasant　walks：　the　earth　feeds　man；　and　all　those　several　beasts　that　both　feed　him；　and　afford　him　recreation。　What　pleasure　doth　man　take　in　hunting　the　stately　Stag；　the　generous　Buck；　the　wild　Boar；　the　cunning　Otter；　the　crafty　Fox；　and　the　fearful　Hare　！　And　if　I　may　descend　to　a　lower　game；　what　pleasure　is　it　sometimes　with　gins　to　betray　the　very　vermin　of　the　earth；　as　namely；　the　Fichat；　the　Fulimart；　the　Ferret；　the　Pole…cat；　the　Mouldwarp；　and　the　like　creatures　that　live　upon　the　face；　and　within　the　bowels　of；　the　Earth。　How　doth　the　Earth　bring　forth　herbs；　flowers；　and　fruits；　both　for　physick　and　the　pleasure　of　mankind！　and　above　all；　to　me　at　least；　the　fruitful　vine；　of　which　when　I　drink　moderately；　it　clears　my　brain；　cheers　my　heart；　and　sharpens　my　wit。　How　could　Cleopatra　have　feasted　Mark　Antony　with　eight　wild　Boars　roasted　whole　at　one　supper；　and　other　meat　suitable；　if　the　earth　had　not　been　a　bountiful　mother　？　But　to　pass　by　the　mighty　Elephant；　which　the　Earth　breeds　and　nourisheth；　and　descend　to　the　least　of　creatures；　how　doth　the　earth　afford　us　a　doctrinal　example　in　the　little　Pismire；　who　in　the　summer　provides　and　lays　up　her　winter　provision；　and　teaches　man　to　do　the　like！　The　earth　feeds　and　carries　those　horses　that　carry　us。　If　I　would　be　prodigal　of　my　time　and　your　patience；　what　might　not　I　say　in　commendations　of　the　earth？　That　puts　limits　to　the　proud　and　raging　sea；　and　by　that　means　preserves　both　man　and　beast；　that　it　destroys　them　not；　as　we　see　it　daily　doth　those　that　venture　upon　the　sea；　and　are　there　shipwrecked；　drowned；　and　left　to　feed　Haddocks；　when　we　that　are　so　wise　as　to　keep　ourselves　on　earth；　walk；　and　talk；　and　live；　and　eat；　and　drink；　and　go　a　hunting：　of　which　recreation　I　will　say　a　little；　and　then　leave　Mr。　Piscator　to　the　commendation　of　Angling。

Hunting　is　a　game　for　princes　and　noble　persons；　it　hath　been　highly　prized　in　all　ages；　it　was　one　of　the　qualifications　that　Xenophon　bestowed　on　his　Cyrus；　that　he　was　a　hunter　of　wild　beasts。　Hunting　trains　up　the　younger　nobility　to　the　use　of　manly　exercises　in　their　riper　age。　What　more　manly　exercise　than　hunting　the　Wild　Boar；　the　Stag；　the　Buck；　the　Fox；　or　the　Hare　？　How　doth　it　preserve　health；　and　increase　strength　and　activity　！

And　for　the　dogs　that　we　use；　who　can　commend　their　excellency　to　that　height　which　they　deserve　？　How　perfect　is　the　hound　at　smelling；　who　never　leaves　or　forsakes　his　first　scent；　but　follows　it　through　so　many　changes　and　varieties　of　other　scents；　even　over；　and　in；　the　water；　and　into　the　earth！　What　music　doth　a　pack　of　dogs　then　make　to　any　man；　whose　heart　and　ears　are　so　happy　as　to　be　set　to　the　tune　of　such　instruments！　How　will　a　right　Greyhound　fix　his　eye　on　the　best　Buck　in　a　herd；　single　him　out；　and　follow　him；　and　him　only；　through　a　whole　herd　of　rascal　game；　and　still　know　and　then　kill　him！　For　my　hounds；　I　know　the　language　of