the soul of the far east-第6部分

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tedly　reverenced。　　But　in　both　places　the　cult　is　anything　but　funereal。　　For　the　ancestral　tombs　are　temples　and　pleasure　pavilions　at　the　same　time；　consecrated　not　simply　to　rites　and　ceremonies；　but　to　family　gatherings　and　general　jollification。　　And　the　fortunate　defunct　must　feel；　if　he　is　still　half　as　sentient　as　his　dutiful　descendants　suppose；　that　his　earthly　life；　like　other　approved　comedies；　has　ended　well。

Important；　however；　as　these　critical　points　in　his　career　may　be　reckoned　by　his　relatives；　they　are　scarcely　calculated　to　prove　equally　epochal　to　the　man　himself。　　In　a　community　where　next　to　no　note　is　ever　taken　of　the　anniversary　of　his　birth；　some　doubt　as　to　the　special　significance　of　that　red…letter　day　may　not　unnaturally　creep　into　his　own　mind。　　While　in　regard　to　his　death；　although　it　may　be　highly　flattering　for　him　to　know　that　he　will　certainly　become　somebody　when　he　shall　have　ceased；　practically；　to　be　anybody；　such　tardy　recognition　is　scarcely　timely　enough　to　be　properly　appreciated。　　Human　nature　is　so　earth…tied；　after　all；　that　a　post…mundane　existence　is　very　apt　to　seem　immaterial　as　well　as　be　so。

With　the　old　familiar　landmarks　of　life　obliterated　in　this　wholesale　manner；　it　is　to　be　doubted　whether　one　of　us；　placed　in　the　midst　of　such　a　civilization；　would　know　himself。　　He　certainly　would　derive　but　scanty　satisfaction　from　the　recognition　if　he　did。　Even　Nirvana　might　seem　a　happy　limbo　by　comparison。　　With　a　communal；　not　to　say　a　cosmic；　birthday；　and　a　conventional　wife；　he　might　well　deem　his　separate　existence　the　shadow　of　a　shade　and　embrace　Buddhism　from　mere　force　of　circumstances。

Further　investigation　would　not　shake　his　opinion。　　For　a　far…oriental　career　is　thoroughly　in　keeping　with　these；　its　typical　turning…points。　From　one　end　of　its　course　to　the　other　it　is　painfully　impersonal。　　In　its　regular　routine　as　in　its　more　salient　junctures；　life　presents　itself　to　these　races　a　totally　different　affair　from　what　it　seems　to　us。　　The　cause　lies　in　what　is　taken　to　be　the　basis　of　socio…biology；　if　one　may　so　express　it。

In　the　Far　East　the　social　unit；　the　ultimate　molecule　of　existence；　is　not　the　individual；　but　the　family。

We　occidentals　think　we　value　family。　　We　even　parade　our　pretensions　so　prominently　as　sometimes　to　tread　on　other　people's　prejudices　of　a　like　nature。　　Yet　we　scarcely　seem　to　appreciate　the　inheritance。　For　with　a　logic　which　does　us　questionable　credit；　we　are　proud　of　our　ancestors　in　direct　proportion　to　their　remoteness　from　ourselves；　thus　permitting　Democracy　to　revenge　its　insignificance　by　smiling　at　our　self…imposed　satire。　　To　esteem　a　man　in　inverse　ratio　to　the　amount　of　remarkable　blood　he　has　inherited　is；　to　say　the　least；　bathetic。　　Others；　again；　make　themselves　objectionable　by　preferring　their　immediate　relatives　to　all　less　connected　companions；　and　cling　to　their　cousins　so　closely　that　affection　often　culminates　in　matrimony；　nature's　remonstrances　notwithstanding。　　But　with　all　the　pride　or　pleasure　which　we　take　in　the　members　of　our　particular　clan；　our　satisfaction　really　springs　from　viewing　them　on　an　autocentric　theory　of　the　social　system。　　In　our　own　eyes　we　are　the　star　about　which；　as　in　Joseph's　dream；　our　relatives　revolve　and　upon　which　they　help　to　shed　an　added　lustre。　Our　Ptolemaic　theory　of　society　is　necessitated　by　our　tenacity　to　the　personal　standpoint。　　This　fixed　idea　of　ours　causes　all　else　seemingly　to　rotate　about　it。　　Such　an　egoistic　conception　is　quite　foreign　to　our　longitudinal　antipodes。　　However　much　appearances　may　agree；　the　fundamental　principles　upon　which　family　consideration　is　based　are　widely　different　in　the　two　hemispheres。　　For　the　far…eastern　social　universe　turns　on　a　patricentric　pivot。

Upon　the　conception　of　the　family　as　the　social　and　political　unit　depends　the　whole　constitution　of　China。　　The　same　theory　somewhat　modified　constitutes　the　life…principle　of　Korea；　of　Japan；　and　of　their　less　advanced　cousins　who　fill　the　vast　centre　of　the　Asiatic　continent。　　From　the　emperor　on　his　throne　to　the　common　coolie　in　his　hovel　it　is　the　idea　of　kinship　that　knits　the　entire　body　politic　together。　　The　Empire　is　one　great　family；　the　family　is　a　little　empire。

The　one　developed　out　of　the　other。　　The　patriarchal　is；　as　is　well　known；　probably　the　oldest　political　system　in　the　world。　All　nations　may　be　said　to　have　experienced　such　a　paternal　government；　but　most　nations　outgrew　it。

Now　the　interesting　fact　about　the　yellow　branch　of　the　human　race　is；　not　that　they　had　so　juvenile　a　constitution；　but　that　they　have　it；　that　it　has　persisted　practically　unchanged　from　prehistoric　ages。　　It　is　certainly　surprising　in　this　kaleidoscopic　world　whose　pattern　is　constantly　changing　as　time　merges　one　combination　of　its　elements　into　another；　that　on　the　other　side　of　the　globe　this　set　should　have　remained　the　same。　　Yet　in　spite　of　the　lapse　of　years；　in　spite　of　the　altered　conditions　of　existence；　in　spite　of　an　immense　advance　in　civilization；　such　a　primitive　state　of　society　has　continued　there　to　the　present　day；　in　all　its　essentials　what　it　was　when　as　nomads　the　race　forefathers　wandered　peacefully　or　otherwise　over　the　plains　of　Central　Asia。　　The　principle　helped　them　to　expand；　it　has　simply　cramped　them　ever　since。　　For；　instead　of　dissolving　like　other　antiquated　views；　it　has　become；　what　it　was　bound　to　become　if　it　continued　to　last；　crystallized　into　an　institution。　　It　had　practically　reached　this　condition　when　it　received　a　theoretical；　not　to　say　a　theological　recognition　which　gave　it　mundane　immortality。　　A　couple　of　millenniums　ago　Confucius　consecrated　filial　duty　by　making　it　the　basis　of　the　Chinese　moral　code。　　His　hand　was　the　finishing　touch　of　fossilification。　For　since　the　sage　set　his　seal　upon　the　system　no　one　has　so　much　as　dreamt　of　changing　it。　　The　idea　of　confuting　Confucius　would　be　an　act　of　impiety　such　as　no　Chinaman　could　possibly　commit。　　Not　that　the　inadmissibility　of　argument　is　due　really　to　the　authority　of　the　philosopher；　but　that　it　lies　ingrained　in　the　character　of　the　people。　　Indeed　the　genius　of　the　one　may　be　said　to　have　consisted　in　divining　the　genius　of　the　other。　　Confucius　formulated　the　prevailing　practice；　and　in　so　doing　helped　to　make　it　perpetual。　　He　gave　expression　to　the　national　feeling；　and　like　expressions；　generally　his；　served　to　stamp　the　idea　all　the　more　indelibly　upon　the　national　consciousness。

In　this　manner　the　family　from　a　natural　relation　grew　into　a　highly　unnatural　social　anachronism。　　The　loose　ties　of　a　roving　life　became　fetters　of　a　fixed　conventionality。　　Bonds　originally　of　mutual　advantage　hardened　into　restrictions　by　which　the　young　were　hopelessly　tethered　to　the　old。　　Midway　in　its　course　the　race　undertook　to　turn　round　and　face　backwards；　as　it　journeyed　on。　Its　subsequent　advance　could　be　nothing　but　slow。

The　head　of　a　family　is　so　now　in　something　of　a　corporeal　sense。　From　him　emanate　all　its　actions；　to　him　are　responsible　all　its　parts。　Any　other　member　of　it　is　as　incapable　of　individual　expression　as　is　the　hand；　or　the　foot；　or　the