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glaucus-or the wonders of the shore(格劳高斯)-第43部分

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waters;     enclosed; all save the head and legs; in a tube of sand or pebbles; 

shells    or   sticks;   green    or   dead    weeds;    often    arranged     with    quaint 

symmetry; or of very graceful shape。              Their aspect in this state        may be 

somewhat uninviting; but they compensate for their youthful                    ugliness by 

the strangeness of their transformations; and often by                the delicate beauty 

of   the   perfect   insects;   as   the   〃caddises;〃  rising   to   the   surface;   become 

flying Phryganeae (caperers and sand… flies); generally of various shades 

of fawn…colour; and the water… crickets (though an unscientific eye may be 

able to discern but        little difference in them in the 〃larva;〃 or imperfect 

state)    change into flies of the most various shapes; … one; perhaps; into 

the   great   sluggish   olive   〃Stone…fly〃   (Perla   bicaudata);   another      into   the 

delicate   lemon…coloured   〃Yellow   Sally〃   (Chrysoperla              viridis);   another 

into   the   dark   chocolate   〃Alder〃   (Sialis   lutaria):     and   the   majority   into 

duns   and   drakes   (Ephemerae);   whose   grace   of          form;   and   delicacy   of 

colour;   give   them   a   right   to   rank   among   the   most   exquisite   of   God's 

creations; from the tiny 〃Spinners〃 (Ba 塼 is               or Chloron) of incandescent 

glass;   with   gorgeous   rainbow…coloured          eyes;   to   the   great   Green   Drake 

(Ephemera vulgata); known to all              fishermen as the prince of trout…flies。 

These animals; their        habits; their miraculous transformations; might give 

many      an  hour's    quiet    amusement       to   an  invalid;   laid   on   a  sofa;   or 

imprisoned in a        sick…room; and debarred from reading; unless by some 

such means;        any page of that great green book outside; whose pen is the 

finger     of God; whose covers are the fire kingdoms and the star kingdoms; 

and its leaves the heather…bells; and the polypes of the sea; and                 the gnats 

above the summer stream。 

     I   said  just   now;    that  happy    was    the   sportsman     who    was    also   a 

naturalist。     And;     having    once   mentioned      these   curious    water…flies;    I 

cannot help going a little farther; and saying; that lucky is the                fisherman 



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who is also a naturalist。         A fair scientific knowledge of             the flies which 

he   imitates;   and   of   their   habits;   would   often     ensure   him   sport;   while 

other men are going home with empty creels。                     One would have fancied 

this a self…evident fact; yet I have never             found any sound knowledge of 

the    natural    water…flies    which     haunt    a   given      stream;    except    among 

cunning   old   fishermen   of   the   lower       class;   who   get   their   living   by   the 

gentle   art;   and   bring   to   indoors   baskets   of   trout   killed   on   flies;   which 

look as if they had been          tied with a pair of tongs; so rough and ungainly 

are    they;   but    which;     nevertheless;     kill;  simply     because    they    are  (in 

COLOUR;          which is all that fish really care for) exact likenesses of some 

obscure      local   species;   which     happen     to  be   on   the  water    at  the   time。 

Among        gentlemen…fishermen;           on   the    other    hand;    so    deep    is   the 

ignorance   of   the   natural   fly;   that   I   have   known   good   sportsmen         still 

under the delusion that the great green May…fly comes out of                        a caddis… 

bait; the gentlemen having never seen; much less fished                     with; that most 

deadly   bait   the   〃Water…cricket;〃   or   free   creeping       larva   of   the   May…fly; 

which may be found in May under the river… banks。                     The consequence of 

this   ignorance   is   that   they   depend   for    good   patterns   of   flies   on   mere 

chance and experiment; and that the                shop patterns; originally excellent; 

deteriorate continually; till         little or no likeness to their living prototype 

remains; being tied         by town girls; who have no more understanding of 

what the feathers         and mohair in their hands represent than they have of 

what the      National Debt represents。           Hence follows many a failure at the 

stream…side; because the 〃Caperer;〃 or 〃Dun;〃 or 〃Yellow Sally;〃                        which 

is   produced   from   the   fly…book;   though;   possibly;   like   the      brood   which 

came   out   three   years   since   on   some   stream   a   hundred        miles   away;   is 

quite unlike the brood which is out to…day on one's                   own river。      For not 

only do most of these flies vary in colour in               different soils and climates; 

but    many     of   them     change     their   hue     during     life;   the   Ephemerae; 

especially; have a habit of throwing               off the whole of their skins (even; 

marvellously enough; to the            skin of the eyes and wings; and the delicate 

〃whisks〃   at   their     tail);   and   appearing   in   an   utterly   new   garb   after   ten 

minutes'      rest; to the discomfiture of the astonished angler。 

     The     natural   history   of   these   flies;  I  understand     from   Mr。    Stainton 



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                                 Glaucus/or The Wonders of the Shore 



(one of our most distinguished entomologists); has not yet been                        worked 

out; at least for England。          The only attempt; I believe; in            that direction 

is one made by a charming book; 〃The Fly…fisher's                     Entomology;〃 which 

should     be   in  every   good   angler's   library;   but      why   should   not   a   few 

fishermen combine to work out the subject for                  themselves; and study for 

the interests both   of science and their            own sport; 〃The Wonders of   the 

Bank?〃       The work; petty as it may           seem; is much too great for one man; 

so   prodigal   is   Nature   of   her   forms;   in   the   stream   as   in   the   ocean;   but 

what   if   a   correspondence       were   opened   between   a   few   fishermen   …   of 

whom one should live; say;            by the Hampshire or Berkshire chalk streams; 

another on the slates         and granites of Devon; another on the limestones of 

Yorkshire       or    Derbyshire;       another     among      the   yet   earlier   slates    of 

Snowdonia; or         some mountain part of Wales; and more than one among 

the hills of     the Border and the lake
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