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01-fate-第1部分
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        THE CONDUCT OF LIFE
        by Ralph Waldo Emerson
 
        I
 
        FATE
 
        Delicate omens traced in air
        To the lone bard true witness bare;
        Birds with auguries on their wings
        Chanted undeceiving things
        Him to beckon; him to warn;
        Well might then the poet scorn
        To learn of scribe or courier
        Hints writ in vaster character;
        And on his mind; at dawn of day;
        Soft shadows of the evening lay。
        For the prevision is allied
        Unto the thing so signified;
        Or say; the foresight that awaits
        Is the same Genius that creates。
 
 
        _Fate_
        It chanced during one winter; a few years ago; that our cities
wsing the theory of the Age。  By an odd coincidence; four or five
noted men were each reading a discourse to the citizens of Boston or
New York; on the Spirit of the Times。  It so happened that the
subject had the same prominence in some remarkable pamphlets and
journals issued in London in the same season。  To me; however; the
question of the times resolved itself into a practical question of
the conduct of life。  How shall I live?  We are incompetent to solve
the times。  Our geometry cannot span the huge orbits of the
prevailing ideas; behold their return; and reconcile their
opposition。  We can only obey our own polarity。  'Tis fine for us to
speculate and elect our course; if we must accept an irresistible
dictation。
        In our first steps to gain our wishes; we come upon immovable
limitations。  We are fired with the hope to reform men。  After many
experiments; we find that we must begin earlier;  at school。  But
the boys and girls are not docile; we can make nothing of them。  We
decide that they are not of good stock。  We must begin our reform
earlier still;  at generation: that is to say; there is Fate; or
laws of the world。
        But if there be irresistible dictation; this dictation
understands itself。  If we must accept Fate; we are not less
compelled to affirm liberty; the significance of the individual; the
grandeur of duty; the power of character。  This is true; and that
other is true。  But our geometry cannot span these extreme points;
and reconcile them。  What to do?  By obeying each thought frankly; by
harping; or; if you will; pounding on each string; we learn at last
its power。  By the same obedience to other thoughts; we learn theirs;
and then comes some reasonable hope of harmonizing them。  We are
sure; that; though we know not how; necessity does comport with
liberty; the individual with the world; my polarity with the spirit
of the times。  The riddle of the age has for each a private solution。
If one would study his own time; it must be by this method of taking
up in turn each of the leading topics which belong to our scheme of
human life; and; by firmly stating all that is agreeable to
experience on one; and doing the same justice to the opposing facts
in the others; the true limitations will appear。  Any excess of
emphasis; on one part; would be corrected; and a just balance would
be made。
        But let us honestly state the facts。  Our America has a bad
name for superficialness。  Great men; great nations; have not been
boasters and buffoons; but perceivers of the terror of life; and have
manned themselves to face it。  The Spartan; embodying his religion in
his country; dies before its majesty without a question。  The Turk;
who believes his doom is written on the iron leaf in the moment when
he entered the world; rushes on the enemy's sabre with undivided
will。  The Turk; the Arab; the Persian; accepts the foreordained
fate。
        〃On two days; it steads not to run from thy grave;
                The appointed; and the unappointed day;
        On the first; neither balm nor physician can save;
                Nor thee; on the second; the Universe slay。〃
        The Hindoo; under the wheel; is as firm。  Our Calvinists; in
the last generation; had something of the same dignity。  They felt
that the weight of the Universe held them down to their place。  What
could _they_ do?  Wise men feel that there is something which cannot
be talked or voted away;  a strap or belt which girds the world。
        〃The Destiny; minister general;
        That executeth in the world o'er all;
        The purveyance which God hath seen beforne;
        So strong it is; that tho' the world had sworn
        The contrary of a thing by yea or nay;
        Yet sometime it shall fallen on a day
        That falleth not oft in a thousand year;
        For; certainly; our appetites here;
        Be it of war; or peace; or hate; or love;
        All this is ruled by the sight above。〃
                Chaucer: _The Knighte's Tale。_
        The Greek Tragedy expressed the same sense: 〃Whatever is fated;
that will take place。  The great immense mind of Jove is not to be
transgressed。〃
 
        Savages cling to a local god of one tribe or town。  The broad
ethics of Jesus were quickly narrowed to village theologies; which
preach an election or favoritism。  And; now and then; an amiable
parson; like Jung Stilling; or Robert Huntington; believes in a
pistareen…Providence; which; whenever the good man wants a dinner;
makes that somebody shall knock at his door; and leave a half…dollar。
But Nature is no sentimentalist;  does not cosset or pamper us。  We
must see that the world is rough and surly; and will not mind
drowning a man or a woman; but swallows your ship like a grain of
dust。  The cold; inconsiderate of persons; tingles your blood;
benumbs your feet; freezes a man like an apple。  The diseases; the
elements; fortune; gravity; lightning; respect no persons。  The way
of Providence is a little rude。  The habit of snake and spider; the
snap of the tiger and other leapers and bloody jumpers; the crackle
of the bones of his prey in the coil of the anaconda;  these are in
the system; and our habits are like theirs。  You have just dined;
and; however scrupulously the slaughter…house is concealed in the
graceful distance of miles; there is complicity;  expensive races;
 race living at the expense of race。  The planet is liable to
shocks from comets; perturbations from planets; rendings from
earthquake and volcano; alterations of climate; precessions of
equinoxes。  Rivers dry up by opening of the forest。  The sea changes
its bed。  Towns and counties fall into it。  At Lisbon; an earthquake
killed men like flies。  At Naples; three years ago; ten thousand
persons were crushed in a few minutes。  The scurvy at sea; the sword
of the climate in the west of Africa; at Cayenne; at Panama; at New
Orleans; cut off men like a massacre。  Our western prairie shakes
with fever and ague。  The cholera; the small…pox; have proved as
mortal to some tribes; as a frost to the crickets; which; having
filled the summer with noise; are sil 
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