the athenian constitution-第12部分

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n　before　the　arrival　of　Pausanias；　opened　negotiations　with　the　party　in　Piraeus；　and　after　his　arrival　seconded　his　efforts　to　bring　about　the　return　of　the　exiles。　For　it　was　Pausanias；　the　king　of　the　Lacedaemonians；　who　brought　the　peace　and　reconciliation　to　a　fulfillment；　in　conjunction　with　the　ten　commissioners　of　arbitration　who　arrived　later　from　Lacedaemonian；　at　his　own　earnest　request。　Rhinon　and　his　colleagues　received　a　vote　of　thanks　for　the　goodwill　shown　　by　them　to　the　people；　and　though　they　received　their　charge　under　an　oligarchy　and　handed　in　their　accounts　under　a　democracy；　no　one；　either　of　the　party　that　had　stayed　in　the　city　or　of　the　exiles　that　had　returned　from　the　Piraeus；　brought　any　complaint　against　them。　On　the　contrary；　Rhinon　was　immediately　elected　general　on　　account　of　his　conduct　in　this　office。

Part　39

　　This　reconciliation　was　effected　in　the　archonship　of　Eucleides；　on　the　following　terms。　All　persons　who；　having　remained　in　the　city　during　the　troubles；　were　now　anxious　to　leave　it；　were　to　be　free　to　settle　at　Eleusis；　retaining　their　civil　rights　and　　possessing　full　and　independent　powers　of　self…government；　and　with　the　free　　enjoyment　of　their　own　personal　property。　The　temple　at　Eleusis　should　　be　common　ground　for　both　parties；　and　should　be　under　the　superintendence　of　the　Ceryces；　and　the　Eumolpidae；　according　to　primitive　custom。　The　settlers　at　Eleusis　should　not　be　allowed　to　enter　Athens；　nor　the　people　of　Athens　to　enter　Eleusis；　except　at　the　season　of　the　mysteries；　when　both　parties　should　be　free　from　these　restrictions。　The　secessionists　should　pay　their　share　to　the　fund　for　the　common　defence　out　of　their　revenues；　just　like　all　the　other　Athenians。　If　any　of　the　seceding　party　wished　to　take　a　house　in　Eleusis；　the　people　would　help　them　to　obtain　the　consent　of　the　owner；　　but　if　they　could　not　come　to　terms；　they　should　appoint　three　valuers　on　either　side；　and　the　owner　should　receive　whatever　price　they　　should　appoint。　Of　the　inhabitants　of　Eleusis；　those　whom　the　secessionists　wished　to　remain　should　be　allowed　to　do　so。　The　list　of　those　who　　desired　to　secede　should　be　made　up　within　ten　days　after　the　taking　of　　the　oaths　in　the　case　of　persons　already　in　the　country；　and　their　actual　departure　should　take　place　within　twenty　days；　persons　at　　present　out　of　the　country　should　have　the　same　terms　allowed　to　them　after　their　return。　No　one　who　settled　at　Eleusis　should　be　capable　of　holding　any　office　in　Athens　until　he　should　again　register　　himself　on　the　roll　as　a　resident　in　the　city。　Trials　for　homicide；　　including　all　cases　in　which　one　party　had　either　killed　or　wounded　another；　should　be　conducted　according　to　ancestral　practice。　There　　should　be　a　general　amnesty　concerning　past　events　towards　all　persons　except　the　Thirty；　the　Ten；　the　Eleven；　and　the　magistrates　in　Piraeus；　and　these　too　should　be　included　if　they　should　submit　their　accounts　in　the　usual　way。　Such　accounts　should　be　given　by　the　magistrates　in　Piraeus　before　a　court　of　citizens　rated　in　Piraeus；　and　by　the　magistrates　in　the　city　before　a　court　of　those　rated　in　the　city。　On　these　terms　those　who　wished　to　do　so　might　secede。　Each　party　was　to　repay　separately　the　money　which　it　had　borrowed　for　the　war。　Part　40

　　When　the　reconciliation　had　taken　place　on　these　terms；　those　who　had　fought　on　the　side　of　the　Thirty　felt　considerable　apprehensions；　and　a　large　number　intended　to　secede。　But　as　they　put　off　entering　their　names　till　the　last　moment；　as　people　will　do；　Archinus；　observing　their　numbers；　and　being　anxious　to　retain　them　as　citizens；　cut　off　the　remaining　days　during　which　the　list　should　have　remained　open；　and　in　this　way　many　persons　were　　compelled　to　remain；　though　they　did　so　very　unwillingly　until　they　recovered　confidence。　This　is　one　point　in　which　Archinus　appears　to　have　acted　in　a　most　statesmanlike　manner；　and　another　was　his　subsequent　prosecution　of　Thrasybulus　on　the　charge　of　illegality；　for　a　motion　by　which　he　proposed　to　confer　the　franchise　on　all　who　had　　taken　part　in　the　return　from　Piraeus；　although　some　of　them　were　notoriously　slaves。　And　yet　a　third　such　action　was　when　one　of　the　returned　exiles　began　to　violate　the　amnesty；　whereupon　Archinus　haled　him　to　the　Council　and　persuaded　them　to　execute　him　without　trial；　telling　them　that　now　they　would　have　to　show　whether　they　wished　to　preserve　the　democracy　and　abide　by　the　oaths　they　had　taken；　for　if　they　let　this　man　escape　they　would　encourage　others　to　imitate　him；　while　if　they　executed　him　they　would　make　an　example　for　　all　to　learn　by。　And　this　was　exactly　what　happened；　for　after　this　man　had　been　put　to　death　no　one　ever　again　broke　the　amnesty。　On　the　　contrary；　the　Athenians　seem；　both　in　public　and　in　private；　to　have　behaved　in　the　most　unprecedentedly　admirable　and　public…spirited　way　with　reference　to　the　preceding　troubles。　Not　only　did　they　blot　out　all　memory　of　former　offences；　but　they　even　repaid　to　the　Lacedaemonians　out　of　the　public　purse　the　money　which　the　Thirty　had　borrowed　for　the　war；　although　the　treaty　required　each　　party；　the　party　of　the　city　and　the　party　of　Piraeus；　to　pay　its　own　debts　separately。　This　they　did　because　they　thought　it　was　a　necessary　first　step　in　the　direction　of　restoring　harmony；　but　in　　other　states；　so　far　from　the　democratic　parties　making　advances　from　their　own　possessions；　they　are　rather　in　the　habit　of　making　a　general　redistribution　of　the　land。　A　final　reconciliation　was　made　with　the　secessionists　at　Eleusis　two　years　after　the　secession；　in　the　archonship　of　Xenaenetus。　Part　41

　　This；　however；　took　place　at　a　later　date；　at　the　time　of　which　we　are　speaking　the　people；　having　secured　the　control　of　the　state；　established　the　constitution　which　exists　at　the　present　day。　Pythodorus　was　Archon　at　the　time；　but　the　democracy　seems　to　have　assumed　the　supreme　power　with　perfect　justice；　since　it　had　effected　its　own　return　by　its　own　exertions。　This　was　the　eleventh　change　which　had　taken　place　in　the　constitution　of　Athens。　The　first　modification　of　the　primaeval　condition　of　things　was　when　Ion　and　his　companions　brought　the　people　together　into　a　community；　for　then　the　people　was　first　divided　into　the　four　tribes；　and　the　tribe…kings　were　created。　Next；　and　first　after　this；　having　now　some　semblance　of　a　constitution；　was　that　which　took　place　in　the　reign　of　Theseus；　consisting　in　a　slight　deviation　from　absolute　monarchy。　After　this　came　the　constitution　formed　under　Draco；　when　the　first　code　of　laws　was　drawn　up。　The　third　was　that　　which　followed　the　civil　war；　in　the　time　of　Solon；　from　this　the　democracy　took　its　rise。　The　fourth　was　the　tyranny　of　Pisistratus；　the　fifth　the　constitution　of　Cleisthenes；　after　the　overthrow　of　the　tyrants；　of　a　more　democratic　character　than　that　of　Solon。　The　sixth　was　that　which　followed　on　the　Persian　wars；　when　the　Council　of　Areopagus　had　the　direction　of　the　state。　The　seventh；　succeeding　this；　was　the　constitution　which　Aristides　sketched　out；　and　which　Ephialtes　brought　to　completion　by　overthrowing　the　Areopagite　Council；　under　this　the　nation；　misled　by