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place；　〃It　will　be　seen　by　these　clauses　in　the　Lecompton

Constitution　that　they　are　identical　in　spirit　with　this

authoritative　article。〃　　By　whose　authority；who　do　you　mean　to

say　authorized　the　publication　of　these　articles？　　He　knows　that

the　Washington　Union　is　considered　the　organ　of　the

Administration。　　I　demand　of　Judge　Douglas　by　whose　authority　he

meant　to　say　those　articles　were　published；　if　not　by　the

authority　of　the　President　of　the　United　States　and　his　Cabinet？

I　defy　him　to　show　whom　he　referred　to；　if　not　to　these　high

functionaries　in　the　Federal　Government。　　More　than　this；　he　says

the　articles　in　that　paper　and　the　provisions　of　the　Lecompton

Constitution　are　〃identical；〃　and；　being　identical；　he　argues

that　the　authors　are　co…operating　and　conspiring　together。　　He

does　not　use　the　word　〃conspiring；〃　but　what　other　construction

can　you　put　upon　it？　　He　winds　up：



〃When　I　saw　that　article　in　the　Union　of　the　17th　of　November；

followed　by　the　glorification　of　the　Lecompton　Constitution　on

the　18th　of　November；　and　this　clause　in　the　Constitution

asserting　the　doctrine　that　a　State　has　no　right　to　prohibit

slavery　within　its　limits；　I　saw　that　there　was　a　fatal　blow

being　struck　at　the　sovereignty　of　the　States　of　this　Union。〃



I　ask　him　if　all　this　fuss　was　made　over　the　editor　of　this

newspaper。　　It　would　be　a　terribly　〃fatal　blow〃　indeed　which　a

single　man　could　strike；　when　no　President；　no　Cabinet　officer；

no　member　of　Congress；　was　giving　strength　and　efficiency　to　the

movement。　　Out　of　respect　to　Judge　Douglas's　good　sense　I　must

believe　he　did　n't　manufacture　his　idea　of　the　〃fatal〃　character

of　that　blow　out　of　such　a　miserable　scapegrace　as　he　represents

that　editor　to　be。　　But　the　Judge's　eye　is　farther　south　now。

Then；　it　was　very　peculiarly　and　decidedly　north。　　His　hope

rested　on　the　idea　of　visiting　the　great　〃Black　Republican〃

party；　and　making　it　the　tail　of　his　new　kite。　　He　knows　he　was

then　expecting　from　day　to　day　to　turn　Republican；　and　place

himself　at　the　head　of　our　organization。　　He　has　found　that　these

despised　〃Black　Republicans〃　estimate　him　by　a　standard　which　he

has　taught　them　none　too　well。　　Hence　he　is　crawling　back　into

his　old　camp；　and　you　will　find　him　eventually　installed　in　full

fellowship　among　those　whom　he　was　then　battling；　and　with　whom

he　now　pretends　to　be　at　such　fearful　variance。









THIRD　JOINT　DEBATE；　AT　JONESBORO；



SEPTEMBER　15；　1858



Mr。　LINCOLN'S　REPLY。



LADIES　AND　GENTLEMEN：There　is　very　much　in　the　principles　that

Judge　Douglas　has　here　enunciated　that　I　most　cordially　approve；

and　over　which　I　shall　have　no　controversy　with　him。　　In　so　far

as　he　has　insisted　that　all　the　States　have　the　right　to　do

exactly　as　they　please　about　all　their　domestic　relations；

including　that　of　slavery；　I　agree　entirely　with　him。　　He　places

me　wrong　in　spite　of　all　I　can　tell　him；　though　I　repeat　it　again

and　again；　insisting　that　I　have　no　difference　with　him　upon　this

subject。　　I　have　made　a　great　many　speeches；　some　of　which　have

been　printed；　and　it　will　be　utterly　impossible　for　him　to　find

anything　that　I　have　ever　put　in　print　contrary　to　what　I　now　say

upon　this　subject。　　I　hold　myself　under　constitutional

obligations　to　allow　the　people　in　all　the　States；　without

interference；　direct　or　indirect；　to　do　exactly　as　they　please；

and　I　deny　that　I　have　any　inclination　to　interfere　with　them；

even　if　there　were　no　such　constitutional　obligation。　　I　can　only

say　again　that　I　am　placed　improperlyaltogether　improperly；　in

spite　of　all　I　can　saywhen　it　is　insisted　that　I　entertain　any

other　view　or　purposes　in　regard　to　that　matter。



While　I　am　upon　this　subject；　I　will　make　some　answers　briefly　to

certain　propositions　that　Judge　Douglas　has　put。　　He　says；　〃Why

can't　this　Union　endure　permanently　half　slave　and　half　free？〃　I

have　said　that　I　supposed　it　could　not；　and　I　will　try；　before

this　new　audience；　to　give　briefly　some　of　the　reasons　for

entertaining　that　opinion。　　Another　form　of　his　question　is；　〃Why

can't　we　let　it　stand　as　our　fathers　placed　it？〃　That　is　the

exact　difficulty　between　us。　　I　say　that　Judge　Douglas　and　his

friends　have　changed　it　from　the　position　in　which　our　fathers

originally　placed　it。　　I　say；　in　the　way　our　father's　originally

left　the　slavery　question；　the　institution　was　in　the　course　of

ultimate　extinction；　and　the　public　mind　rested　in　the　belief

that　it　was　in　the　course　of　ultimate　extinction。　　I　say　when

this　government　was　first　established　it　was　the　policy　of　its

founders　to　prohibit　the　spread　of　slavery　into　the　new

Territories　of　the　United　States；　where　it　had　not　existed。　　But

Judge　Douglas　and　his　friends　have　broken　up　that　policy；　and

placed　it　upon　a　new　basis；　by　which　it　is　to　become　national　and

perpetual。　　All　I　have　asked　or　desired　anywhere　is　that　it

should　be　placed　back　again　upon　the　basis　that　the　fathers　of

our　government　originally　placed　it　upon。　　I　have　no　doubt　that

it　would　become　extinct；　for　all　time　to　come；　if　we　but

readopted　the　policy　of　the　fathers；　by　restricting　it　to　the

limits　it　has　already　covered；　restricting　it　from　the　new

Territories。



I　do　not　wish　to　dwell　at　great　length　on　this　branch　of　the

subject　at　this　time；　but　allow　me　to　repeat　one　thing　that　I

have　stated　before。　　Brooksthe　man　who　assaulted　Senator　Sumner

on　the　floor　of　the　Senate；　and　who　was　complimented　with

dinners；　and　silver　pitchers；　and　gold…headed　canes；　and　a　good

many　other　things　for　that　featin　one　of　his　speeches　declared

that　when　this　government　was　originally　established；　nobody

expected　that　the　institution　of　slavery　would　last　until　this

day。　　That　was　but　the　opinion　of　one　man；　but　it　was　such　an

opinion　as　we　can　never　get　from　Judge　Douglas　or　anybody　in

favor　of　slavery；　in　the　North；　at　all。　　You　can　sometimes　get　it

from　a　Southern　man。　　He　said　at　the　same　time　that　the　framers

of　our　government　did　not　have　the　knowledge　that　experience　has

taught　us；　that　experience　and　the　invention　of　the　cotton…gin

have　taught　us　that　the　perpetuation　of　slavery　is　a　necessity。

He　insisted；　therefore；　upon　its　being　changed　from　the　basis

upon　which　the　fathers　of　the　government　left　it　to　the　basis　of

its　perpetuation　and　nationalization。



I　insist　that　this　is　the　difference　between　Judge　Douglas　and

myself；that　Judge　Douglas　is　helping　that　change　along。　　I

insist　upon　this　government　being　placed　where　our　fathers

originally　placed　it。



I　remember　Judge　Douglas　once　said　that　he　saw　the　evidences　on

the　statute　books　of　Congress　of　a　policy　in　the　origin　of

government　to　divide　slavery　and　freedom　by　a　geographical　line；

that　he　saw　an　indisposition　to　maintain　that　policy；　and

therefore　he　set　about　studying　up　a　way　to　settle　the

institution　on　the　right　basis；the　basis　which　he　thought　it

ought　to　have　been　placed　upon　at　first；　a