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shorter logic-第62部分

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in a region where it has neither meaning nor force。 For within the limits of nature even; wherever
there is organic life; this category is obviously inadequate。 An animal may be said to consist of
bones; muscles; nerves; etc。: but evidently we are here using the term 'consist' in a very different
sense from its use when we spoke of the piece of granite as consisting of the above…mentioned
elements。 The elements of granite are utterly indifferent to their combination: they could subsist as
well without it。 The different parts and members of an organic body on the contrary subsist only in
their union: they cease to exist as such; when they are separated from each other。 



                                  § 127

Thus Matter is the mere abstract or indeterminate reflection…into…something…else;
or reflection…into…self at the same time as determinate; it is consequently
Thinghood which then and there is the subsistence of the thing。 By this means the
thing has on the part of the matters its reflection…into…self (the reverse of § 125);
it subsists not on its own part; but consists of the matters; and is only a superficial
association between them; an external combination of them。 



                                  § 128
                                   Form

'c' Matter; being the immediate unity of existence with itself; is also indifferent
towards specific character。 Hence the numerous diverse matters coalesce into the
one Matter; or into existence under the reflective characteristic of identity。 In
contrast to this one Matter these distinct properties and their external relation
which they have to one another in the thing; constitute the Form …the reflective
category of difference; but a difference which exists and is a totality。 

This one featureless Matter is also the same as the Thing…in…itself was: only the
latter is intrinsically quite abstract; while the former essentially implies relation to
something else; and in the first place to the Form。 

                                  § 128n

The various matters of which the thing consists are potentially the same as one another。 Thus we
get one Matter in general to which the difference is expressly attached externally and as a bare
form。 This theory which holds things all round to have one and the same matter at bottom; and
merely to differ externally in respect of form; is much in vogue with the reflective understanding。
Matter in that case counts for naturally indeterminate; but susceptible of any determination; while
at the same time it is perfectly permanent; and continues the same amid all change and alteration。
And in finite things at least this disregard of matter f or any determinate form is certainly exhibited。
For example; it matters not to a block of marble; whether it receive the form of this or that statue
or even the form of a pillar。 Be it noted however that a block of marble can disregard form only
relatively; that is; in reference to the sculptor: it is by no means purely formless。 And so the
mineralogist considers the relatively formless marble as a special formation of rock; differing from
other equally special formations; such as sandstone or porphyry。 Therefore we say it is an
abstraction of the understanding which isolates matter into a certain natural formlessness。 For
properly speaking the thought of matter includes the principle of form throughout; and no formless
matter therefore appears; anywhere even in experience as existing。 Still the conception of matter
as original and pre…existent; and as naturally formless; is a very ancient one; it meets us even
among the Greeks; at first in the mythical shape of Chaos; which is supposed to represent the
unformed substratum of the existing world。 Such a conception must of necessity tend to make God
not the Creator of the world; but a mere world…moulder or demiurge。 A deeper insight into nature
reveals God as creating the world out of nothing。 And that teaches two things。 On the one hand it
enunciates that matter; as such; has no independent subsistence; and on the other that the form
does not supervene upon matter from without; but as a totality involves the principle of matter in
itself。 This free and infinite form will hereafter come before us as the notion。 



                                  § 129

Thus the Thing suffers a disruption into Matter and Form。 Each of these is the
totality of thinghood and subsists for itself。 But Matter; which is meant to be the
positive and indeterminate existence; contains; as an existence;
reflection…on…another; every whit as much as it contains self…enclosed being。
Accordingly as uniting these characteristics; it is itself the totality of Form。 But
Form; being a complete whole of characteristics; ipso facto involves
reflection…into…self; in other words; as self…relating Form it has the very function
attributed to Matter。 Both are at bottom the same。 Invest them with this unity;
and you have the relation of Matter and Form; which are also no less distinct。 



                         The Theory of 〃Matters〃
                                  § 130

The Thing; being this totality; is a contradiction。 On the side of its negative unity
it is Form in which Matter is determined and deposed to the rank of properties (§
125)。 At the same time it consists of Matters; which in the
reflection…of…the…thing…into…itself are as much independent as they are at the same
time negatived。 Thus the thing is the essential existence; in such a way as to be an
existence that suspends or absorbs itself in itself。 In other words; the thing is an
Appearance or Phenomenon。 

The negation of the several matters; which is insisted on in the thing no less than
their independent existence; occurs in Physics porosity。 Each of the several
matters (coloured matter; odorific matter; and if we believe some people; even
sound…matter … not excluding caloric; electric matter; etc。) is also negated: and in
this negation of theirs; or as interpenetrating their pores; we find the numerous
other independent matters; which; being similarly porous; make room in turn for
the existence of the rest。 Pores are not empirical facts; they are figments of the
understanding; which uses them to represent the element of negation in
independent matters。 The further working…out of the contradictions is concealed
by the nebulous imbroglio in which all matters are independent and all no less
negated in each other。 If the faculties or activities are similarly hypostatised in the
mind; their living unity similarly turns to the imbroglio of an action of the one on
the others。 

These pores (meaning thereby not the pores in an organic body; such as the pores
of wood or of the skin; but those in the so…called 'matters'; such as colouring
matter; caloric; or metals; crystals; etc。) cannot be verified by observation。 In the
same way matter itself … furthermore form which is separated from matter …
whether that be the thing as consisting of matters; or the view that the thing itself
subsists and only has proper ties; is all a product of the reflective understanding
which; while it observes and professes to record only what 
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