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the essays of montaigne, v15-第5部分

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one in walking along; and supposing their nobility to be marvellously
interested and injured in it; kill such as only approach a little too
near them: insomuch that the ignoble are obliged to cry out as they walk;
like the gondoliers of Venice; at the turnings of streets for fear of
jostling; and the nobles command them to step aside to what part they
please: by that means these avoid what they repute a perpetual ignominy;
those certain death。  No time; no favour of the prince; no office; or
virtue; or riches; can ever prevail to make a plebeian become noble: to
which this custom contributes; that marriages are interdicted betwixt
different trades; the daughter of one of the cordwainers' gild is not
permitted to marry a carpenter; and parents are obliged to train up their
children precisely in their own callings; and not put them to any other
trade; by which means the distinction and continuance of their fortunes
are maintained。

A good marriage; if there be any such; rejects the company and conditions
of love; and tries to represent those of friendship。  'Tis a sweet
society of life; full of constancy; trust; and an infinite number of
useful and solid services and mutual obligations; which any woman who has
a right taste:

                    〃Optato quam junxit lumine taeda〃

     '〃Whom the marriage torch has joined with the desired light。〃
     Catullus; lxiv。 79。'

would be loth to serve her husband in quality of a mistress。  If she be
lodged in his affection as a wife; she is more honourably and securely
placed。  When he purports to be in love with another; and works all he
can to obtain his desire; let any one but ask him; on which he had rather
a disgrace should fall; his wife or his mistress; which of their
misfortunes would most afflict him; and to which of them he wishes the
most grandeur; the answer to these questions is out of dispute in a sound
marriage。

And that so few are observed to be happy; is a token of its price and
value。  If well formed and rightly taken; 'tis the best of all human
societies; we cannot live without it; and yet we do nothing but decry it。
It happens; as with cages; the birds without despair to get in; and those
within despair of getting out。  Socrates being asked; whether it was more
commodious to take a wife or not; 〃Let a man take which course he will;〃
said he; 〃he will repent。〃  'Tis a contract to which the common
saying:

                    〃Homo homini aut deus aut lupus;〃

          '〃Man to man is either a god or a wolf。〃Erasmus; Adag。'

may very fitly be applied; there must be a concurrence of many qualities
in the construction。  It is found nowadays more convenient for simple and
plebeian souls; where delights; curiosity; and idleness do not so much
disturb it; but extravagant humours; such as mine; that hate all sorts of
obligation and restraint; are not so proper for it:

               〃Et mihi dulce magis resoluto vivere collo。〃

          '〃And it is sweet to me to live with a loosened neck。〃
          Pseudo Gallus; i。 61。'

Might I have had my own will; I would not have married Wisdom herself; if
she would have had me。  But 'tis to much purpose to evade it; the common
custom and usance of life will have it so。  The most of my actions are
guided by example; not by choice; and yet I did not go to it of my own
voluntary motion; I was led and drawn to it by extrinsic occasions; for
not only things that are incommodious in themselves; but also things
however ugly; vicious; and to be avoided; may be rendered acceptable by
some condition or accident; so unsteady and vain is all human resolution!
and I was persuaded to it; when worse prepared and less tractable than I
am at present; that I have tried what it is: and as great a libertine as
I am taken to be; I have in truth more strictly observed the laws of
marriage; than I either promised or expected。  'Tis in vain to kick; when
a man has once put on his fetters: a man must prudently manage his
liberty; but having once submitted to obligation; he must confine himself
within the laws of common duty; at least; do what he can towards it。
They who engage in this contract; with a design to carry themselves in it
with hatred and contempt; do an unjust and inconvenient thing; and the
fine rule that I hear pass from hand to hand amongst the women; as a
sacred oracle:

     '〃Serve thy husband as thy master; but guard thyself against him as
     from a traitor。〃'

which is to say; comport thyself towards him with a dissembled; inimical;
and distrustful reverence (a cry of war and defiance); is equally
injurious and hard。  I am too mild for such rugged designs: to say the
truth; I am not arrived to that perfection of ability and refinement of
wit; to confound reason with injustice; and to laugh at all rule and
order that does not please my palate; because I hate superstition; I do
not presently run into the contrary extreme of irreligion。

     (If a man hate superstition he cannot love religion。  D。W。)

If a man does not always perform his duty; he ought at least to love and
acknowledge it; 'tis treachery to marry without espousing。

Let us proceed。

Our poet represents a marriage happy in a good accord wherein
nevertheless there is not much loyalty。  Does he mean; that it is not
impossible but a woman may give the reins to her own passion; and yield
to the importunities of love; and yet reserve some duty toward marriage;
and that it may be hurt; without being totally broken?  A serving man may
cheat his master; whom nevertheless he does not hate。  Beauty;
opportunity; and destiny (for destiny has also a hand in't);

                         〃Fatum est in partibus illis
          Quas sinus abscondit; nam; si tibi sidera cessent;
          Nil faciet longi mensura incognita nervi;〃

     '〃There is a fatality about the hidden parts: let nature have
     endowed you however liberally; 'tis of no use; if your good star
     fails you in the nick of time。〃Juvenal; ix。 32。'

have attached her to a stranger; though not so wholly; peradventure; but
that she may have some remains of kindness for her husband。  They are two
designs; that have several paths leading to them; without being
confounded with one another; a woman may yield to a man she would by no
means have married; not only for the condition of his fortune; but for
those also of his person。  Few men have made a wife of a mistress; who
have not repented it。  And even in the other world; what an unhappy life
does Jupiter lead with his; whom he had first enjoyed as a mistress!
'Tis; as the proverb runs; to befoul a basket and then put it upon one's
head。  I have in my time; in a good family; seen love shamefully and
dishonestly cured by marriage: the considerations are widely different。
We love at once; without any tie; two things contrary in themselves。

Socrates was wont to say; that the city of Athens pleased; as ladies do
whom men court for love; every one loved to come thither to take a turn;
and pass away his time; but no one liked it so well as to espouse it;
that is; to inhabit there; and to make it his constant residence。  I have
been vexed to see husba
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