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the essays of montaigne, v15-第8部分

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does now of a man's foot。  That good man; who; when I was young; gelded
so many noble and ancient statues in his great city; that they might not
corrupt the sight of the ladies; according to the advice of this other
ancient worthy:

          〃Flagitii principium est; nudare inter gives corpora;〃

     '〃'Tis the beginning of wickedness to expose their persons among the
     citizens〃Ennius; ap。 Cicero; Tusc。 Quaes。; iv。 33。'

should have called to mind; that; as in the mysteries of the Bona Dea;
all masculine appearance was excluded; he did nothing; if he did not geld
horses and asses; in short; all nature:

         〃Omne adeo genus in terris; hominumque; ferarumque;
          Et genus aequoreum; pecudes; pictaeque volucres;
          In furias ignemque ruunt。〃

          '〃So that all living things; men and animals; wild or tame;
          and fish and gaudy fowl; rush to this flame of love。〃
          Virgil; Georg。; iii。 244。'

The gods; says Plato; have given us one disobedient and unruly member
that; like a furious animal; attempts; by the violence of its appetite;
to subject all things to it; and so they have given to women one like a
greedy and ravenous animal; which; if it be refused food in season; grows
wild; impatient of delay; and infusing its rage into their bodies; stops
the passages; and hinders respiration; causing a thousand ills; till;
having imbibed the fruit of the common thirst; it has plentifully bedewed
the bottom of their matrix。  Now my legislator 'The Pope who; as
Montaigne has told us; took it into his head to geld the statues。'
should also have considered that; peradventure; it were a chaster and
more fruitful usage to let them know the fact as it is betimes; than
permit them to guess according to the liberty and heat of their own
fancy; instead of the real parts they substitute; through hope and
desire; others that are three times more extravagant; and a certain
friend of mine lost himself by producing his in place and time when the
opportunity was not present to put them to their more serious use。  What
mischief do not those pictures of prodigious dimension do that the boys
make upon the staircases and galleries of the royal houses? they give the
ladies a cruel contempt of our natural furniture。  And what do we know
but that Plato; after other well…instituted republics; ordered that the
men and women; old and young; should expose themselves naked to the view
of one another; in his gymnastic exercises; upon that very account?  The
Indian women who see the men in their natural state; have at least cooled
the sense of seeing。  And let the women of the kingdom of Pegu say what
they will; who below the waist have nothing to cover them but a cloth
slit before; and so strait; that what decency and modesty soever they
pretend by it; at every step all is to be seen; that it is an invention
to allure the men to them; and to divert them from boys; to whom that
nation is generally inclined; yet; peradventure they lose more by it than
they get; and one may venture to say; that an entire appetite is more
sharp than one already half…glutted by the eyes。  Livia was wont to say;
that to a virtuous woman a naked man was but a statue。  The Lacedaemonian
women; more virgins when wives than our daughters are; saw every day the
young men of their city stripped naked in their exercises; themselves
little heeding to cover their thighs in walking; believing themselves;
says Plato; sufficiently covered by their virtue without any other robe。
But those; of whom St。 Augustin speaks; have given nudity a wonderful
power of temptation; who have made it a doubt; whether women at the day
of judgment shall rise again in their own sex; and not rather in ours;
for fear of tempting us again in that holy state。  In brief; we allure
and flesh them by all sorts of ways: we incessantly heat and stir up
their imagination; and then we find fault。  Let us confess the truth;
there is scarce one of us who does not more apprehend the shame that
accrues to him by the vices of his wife than by his own; and that is not
more solicitous (a wonderful charity) of the conscience of his virtuous
wife than of his own; who had not rather commit theft and sacrilege; and
that his wife was a murderess and a heretic; than that she should not be
more chaste than her husband: an unjust estimate of vices。  Both we and
they are capable of a thousand corruptions more prejudicial and unnatural
than lust: but we weigh vices; not according to nature; but according to
our interest; by which means they take so many unequal forms。

The austerity of our decrees renders the application of women to this
vice more violent and vicious than its own condition needs; and engages
it in consequences worse than their cause: they will readily offer to go
to the law courts to seek for gain; and to the wars to get reputation;
rather than in the midst of ease and delights; to have to keep so
difficult a guard。  Do not they very well see that there is neither
merchant nor soldier who will not leave his business to run after this
sport; or the porter or cobbler; toiled and tired out as they are with
labour and hunger?

                   〃Num tu; qux tenuit dives Achaemenes;
                    Aut pinguis Phrygiae Mygdonias opes;
                    Permutare velis crine Licymnim?
                    Plenas aut Arabum domos;
                    Dum fragrantia detorquet ad oscula
                    Cervicem; aut facili sxvitia negat;
                    Quae poscente magis gaudeat eripi;
                    Interdum rapere occupet?〃

     '〃Wouldst thou not exchange all that the wealthy Arhaemenes had;
     or the Mygdonian riches of fertile Phrygia; for one ringlet of
     Licymnia's hair?  or the treasures of the Arabians; when she turns
     her head to you for fragrant kisses; or with easily assuaged anger
     denies them; which she would rather by far you took by force; and
     sometimes herself snatches one!〃Horace; Od。; ii。 12; 21。'

I do not know whether the exploits of Alexander and Caesar really surpass
the resolution of a beautiful young woman; bred up after our fashion; in
the light and commerce of the world; assailed by so many contrary
examples; and yet keeping herself entire in the midst of a thousand
continual and powerful solicitations。  There is no doing more difficult
than that not doing; nor more active:

I hold it more easy to carry a suit of armour all the days of one's life
than a maidenhead; and the vow of virginity of all others is the most
noble; as being the hardest to keep:

               〃Diaboli virtus in lumbis est;〃

says St。  Jerome。  We have; doubtless; resigned to the ladies the most
difficult and most vigorous of all human endeavours; and let us resign to
them the glory too。  This ought to encourage them to be obstinate in it;
'tis a brave thing for them to defy us; and to spurn under foot that vain
pre…eminence of valour and virtue that we pretend to have over them; they
will find if they do but observe it; that they will not only be much more
esteemed for it; but also much more beloved。  A gallant man does not give
over his purs
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