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glaucus-or the wonders of the shore(鯉斥互帽)-及48何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



       VALKERIA CUSCUTA。 PL。 I。 FIG。 3。 

       From a group in one of Mr。 Lloyd's vases。               Fig。 3 A is the natural 

size of the central group of cells�察�in a specimen coiled round a                  thread´ 

like   weed。     Underneath       this  is  the   same    portion   enlarged。       When 

magnified to this apparent size�察�the cells could be seen in             different states�察�

some closed�察�and others with their bodies              protruded。     When magnified 

to 3 D�察�we could pleasantly watch the            gradual eversion of the membrane�察�

then the points   of the  tentacles       slowly appearing�察�and   then�察�when  fully 

protruded�察�suddenly        expanding into a bell´shaped circle。           This was their 

usual    appearance�察�but sometimes they could be noticed bending inwards�察�

as    in fig。 3 C�察�as if to imprison some living atom of importance。                  Fig。 

B    represents   two    tentacles�察 �showing     the   direction   in  which    the   cilia 

vibrate。 

       CRISIA DENTICULATA。               PL。 I。 FIG。 4。 

       I have only drawn the cells from a prepared specimen。                The polypes 

are like those described above。 

       GEMELLARIA LORICATA。                  PL。 I。 FIG。 5。 



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                                Glaucus/or The Wonders of the Shore 



       Here   the   cells   are   placed   in   pairs�察  �back   to   back。 5   A   is   a   very 

small portion on the natural scale。 

       CELLULARIA CILIATA。                Pl。 I。 FIG。 7 

       The   cells   are   alternate   on   the   stem�察  �and   are   curiously   armed   with 

long   whip´like   cilia   or   spines。   On   the   back   of   some   of   the   cells is   a 

very     strange    appendage�察      �the   use    of   which     is   not   with    certainty 

ascertained。      It   is   a   minute   body�察  �slightly   resembling   a   vulture's head�察�

with    a   movable     lower    beak。     The    whole     head   keeps    up   a   nodding 

motion�察     �and   the   movable     beak    occasionally      opens    widely�察   �and   then 

suddenly snaps to with a jerk。            It has been seen to hold an           animalcule 

between      its  jaws    till  the  latter   has   died�察  �but   it  has   no    power     to 

communicate the prey to the polype in its cell or to               swallow and digest it 

on its own account。          It is certainly not an       independent parasite�察�as has 

been supposed�察�and yet its purpose in              the animal economy is a mystery。 

Mr。   Gosse   conjectures   that   its    use   may  be�察  �by   holding   animalcules   till 

they    die   and   decay�察  �to   attract    by  their   putrescence     crowds     of  other 

animalcules�察      �which    may     thus    be   drawn    within    the  influence     of  the 

polype's   ciliated     tentacles。     Fig。   7   B   shows   the   form   of   one   of   these 

;birds' heads�察─     �and fig。 7 C�察�its position on the cell。 

       FLUSTRA LINEATA。               PL。 I。 FIG。 1。 

       In   Flustrae�察   �the  cells   are   placed    side   by   side   on   an   expanded 

membrane。        Fig。 1 represents the general appearance of a species                which 

at least resembles F。 lineata as figured in Johnston's work。                    It is spread 

upon a Fucus。        Fig。 A is an enlarged view of the          cells。 

       FLUSTRA FOLIACEA。                PL。 I。 FIG。 2。 

       We figure a frond or two of the common species�察�which has cells on 

both    sides。    It  is  rarely   that  the   polypes    can   be   seen   in  a  state   of 

expansion。 

       SERIALARIA LENDIGERA。                   PL。 I。 fig。 10。 

     NOTAMIA BURSARIA。                  PL。    I。 fig。 11。 

       The   ;tobacco´pipe;;   appendages�察  �fig。   11         B�察  �are   of   unknown    use�此�

they are probably analogous to the birds' heads in the Cellularae。 



     PLATE V。 



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     CORALS AND SEA ANEMONES。 

       CARYOPHYLLAEA SMITHII。                    PL。 V。 FIG。 2。      PL。 VI。 FIG。 3。 

       THE connection between Brainstones�察 �Mushroom Corals�察�and   other 

Madrepores   abounding   on          Polynesian   reefs�察  �and   the   ;Sea   Anemones�察─�

which      have    lately   become     so   familiar    to   us   all�察 �can   be   seen    by 

comparing        our    comparatively        insignificant     C。    Smithii     with     our 

commonest species of Actinia and Sagartia。                 The former is a        beautiful 

object     when    the   fleshy    part  and    tentacles    are  wholly     or   partially 

expanded。       Like Actinia�察�it has a membranous covering�察�a                 simple sac´ 

like   stomach�察    �a  central   mouth�察   �a  disk   surrounded     by    contractile    and 

adhesive tentacles。        Unlike Actinia�察 �it   is   fixed   to  submarine bodies�察�to 

which it is glued in very early life�察�and          cannot change its place。         Unlike 

Actinia�察  �its   body  is   supported   by   a   stony  skeleton   of   calcareous   plates 

arranged   edgewise   so   as   to     radiate   from   the   centre。    But   as   we   find 

some     Molluscs     furnished     with    a  shell�察 �and   others    even   of  the   same 

character     and   habits    without      one�察  �so  we    find   that  in  spite   of  this 

seemingly   important        difference�察  �the   animals   are   very   similar   in   their 

nature。     Since     the introduction of glass tanks we have opportunities of 

seeing     anemones crawling up the sides�察�so as to exhibit their entire basal 

disk�察   �and    then    we    may    observe     lightly   coloured     lines    of  a   less 

transparent   substance   than   the   interstices�察  �radiating   from  the     margin   to 

the centre�察�some short�察�others reaching the entire               distance�察�and arranged 

in exactly the same manner as the plates of               Caryophyllaea。         These are 

doubtless flexible walls of compartments              dividing the fleshy parts of the 

softer animals�察�and corresponding             with the septa of the coral。         Fig。 2 A 

represents a section of the         latter�察�to be compared with the basal disk of 

Sagartia。 

       SAGARTIA ANGUICOMA。                   PL。 V。 FIG。 3�察�A�察�B。 

       This genus   has been   separated   from Actinia on   account of   its habit 

of throwing out threads when irritated。              Although my specimens            often 

assumed   the   form   represented   in   fig。   3�察  �Mr。   Lloyd   informs   me     that   it 

must have arisen from unhealthiness of condition�察�its usual                    habit being 

to   contract    into   a  more    flattened   form。     When      fully   expanded�察      �its 



                  
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��6�� 家��5��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��