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an account of egypt(娃式芝)-及4何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



them rain�察�but shall allow drought to prevail for a long time�察�the Hellenes 

will be destroyed by hunger�察�for they have in fact no other supply of water 

to   save   them  except   from  Zeus   alone。 This   has   been   rightly  said   by   the 

Egyptians with reference to the Hellenes�此�but now let me tell how matters 

are   with   the   Egyptians   themselves   in   their   turn。   If�察  �in   accordance   with 

what   I   before   said�察  �their   land   below   Memphis   ��for   this   is   that   which   is 

increasing��   shall   continue   to   increase   in   height   according   to   the   same 

proportion as in the past time�察�assuredly those Egyptians who dwell here 

will suffer famine�察�if their land shall not have rain nor the river be able to 

go over their fields。 It is certain however that now they gather in fruit from 

the earth with less labour than any other men and also with less than the 



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other   Egyptians�察  �for   they  have   no   labour   in   breaking   up   furrows   with   a 

plough nor in hoeing nor in any other of those labours which other men 

have about a crop�察�but when the river has come up of itself and watered 

their fields and after watering has left them again�察�then each man sows his 

own field and turns into it swine�察�and when he has trodden the seed into 

the ground by means of the swine�察�after that he waits for the harvest�察�and 

when he has threshed the corn by means of the swine�察�then he gathers it in。 

     If   we   desire   to   follow   the   opinions   of   the   Ionians   as   regards   Egypt�察�

who say that the Delta alone is Egypt�察�reckoning its sea´coast to be from 

the watch´tower called of Perseus to the fish´curing houses of Pelusion�察�a 

distance of forty /schoines/�察�and counting it to extend inland as far as the 

city   of   Kercasoros�察    �where    the   Nile   divides    and   runs   to  Pelusion    and 

Canobos�察�while as for the rest of Egypt�察�they assign it partly to Libya and 

partly   to   Arabia��if�察  �I   say�察  �we  should   follow   this   account�察  �we    should 

thereby declare that in former times the Egyptians had no land to live in�察�

for�察�as we have seen�察�their Delta at any rate is alluvial�察�and has appeared 

��so to speak�� lately�察�as the Egyptians themselves say and as my opinion is。 

If then at the first there was no land for them to live in�察�why did they waste 

their labour to prove that they had come into being before all other men�拭�

They needed not to have made trial of the children to see what language 

they would first utter。 However I am not of the opinion that the Egyptians 

came into being at the same time as that which is called by the Ionians the 

Delta�察�but that they existed always ever since the human race came into 

being�察�and that as their land advanced forwards�察�many of them were left in 

their   first   abodes   and   many  came   down   gradually  to   the lower   parts。 At 

least it is certain that in old times Thebes had the name of Egypt�察�and of 

this   the   circumference   measures   six   thousand   one   hundred   and   twenty 

furlongs。 

     If   then   we   judge   aright   of   these   matters�察  �the   opinion   of   the   Ionians 

about   Egypt   is   not   sound�此  �but   if   the   judgment   of   the   Ionians   is   right�察  �I 

declare that neither the Hellenes nor the Ionians themselves know how to 

reckon since they say that the whole earth is made up of three divisions�察�

Europe�察�Asia�察�and Libya�此�for they ought to count in addition to these the 

Delta of Egypt�察�since it belongs neither to Asia nor to Libya�察�for at least it 



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cannot be the river Nile by this reckoning which divides Asia from Libya�察�

but the Nile is cleft at the point of this Delta so as to flow round it�察�and the 

result is that this land would come between Asia and Libya。 

     We dismiss then our opinion of the Ionians�察�and express a judgment of 

our own on this matter also�察�that Egypt is all that land which is inhabited 

by  Egyptians�察 �just   as   Kilikia   is   that   which   is inhabited   by  Kilikians   and 

Assyria that which is inhabited by Assyrians�察�and we know of no boundary 

properly speaking between Asia and Libya except the borders of Egypt。 If 

however      we   shall   adopt   the  opinion    which    is  commonly   held      by   the 

Hellenes�察�we  shall   suppose  that   the  whole of   Egypt�察�beginning   from  the 

Cataract and the city of Elephantine�察�is divided into two parts and that it 

thus partakes of both the names�察�since one side will thus belong to Libya 

and the other to Asia�察�for the Nile from the Cataract onwards flows to the 

sea cutting Egypt through in the midst�察�and as far as the city of Kercasoros 

the Nile flows in one single stream�察�but from this city onwards it is parted 

into    three  ways�察   �and   one�察  �which    is  called   the  Pelusian     mouth�察   �turns 

towards the East�察�the second of the ways goes towards the West�察�and this is 

called the Canobic mouth�察�but that one of the ways which is straight runs 

thus��when the  river  in   its   course  downwards comes   to the  point   of the 

Delta�察�then it cuts the Delta through the midst and so issues out to the sea。 

In this we have a portion of the water of the river which is not the smallest 

nor the least famous�察�and it is called the Sebennytic mouth。 There are also 

two other mouths which part off from the Sebennytic and go to the sea�察�

and these are called�察�one the Saitic�察�the other the Mendesian mouth。 The 

Bolbitinitic�察  �and   Bucolic   mouths�察  �on   the   other   hand�察  �are   not   natural   but 

made     by   digging。    Moreover      also  the   answer    given   by   the   Oracle   of 

Ammon bears witness in support of my opinion that Egypt is of the extent 

which I declare it to be in my account�察�and of this answer I heard after I 

had formed my own opinion about Egypt。 For those of the city of Marea 

and of Apis�察�dwelling in the parts of Egypt which border on Libya�察�being 

of opinion themselves that they were Libyans and not Egyptians�察�and also 

being burdened by the rules of religious service�察�because they desired not 

to be debarred from the use of cows' flesh�察�sent to Ammon saying that they 

had   nought   in   common   with   the   Egyptians�察  �for   they   dwelt   outside   the 



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Delta and agreed with them in nothing�察�and they said they desired that it 

might   be lawful   for  them  to   eat   everything   without   distinction。 The   god 

however did not permit them to do so�察�but said that that land was Egypt 

where the Nile came over and watered�察�and that those were Egyptians who 

dwelling   below   the   cit
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��1�� 家��2��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
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