嗔秤戻幣�哉膵�云利匈嬉蝕湊蛸賜�塋床四衲���萩晦編報炎嘔囚^泡仟 ̄云利匈��
訊伽慕垂 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

an account of egypt(娃式芝)-及5何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



where the Nile came over and watered�察�and that those were Egyptians who 

dwelling   below   the   city   of   Elephantine   drank   of   that   river。   Thus   was   it 

answered   to   them   by   the   Oracle   about   this�此  �and   the   Nile�察  �when   it   is   in 

flood�察 �goes   over   not   only  the   Delta   but   also   of   the   land   which   is   called 

Libyan   and   of   that   which   is   called Arabian   sometimes   as   much   as   two 

days' journey on each side�察�and at times even more than this or at times 

less。 

     As regards the nature of the river�察�neither from the priests nor yet from 

any   other   man   was   I   able   to   obtain   any   knowledge�此  �and   I   was   desirous 

especially  to   learn   from  them  about these   matters�察  �namely  why  the   Nile 

comes down increasing in volume from the summer solstice onwards for a 

hundred   days�察  �and   then�察  �when   it   has   reached   the   number   of   these   days�察�

turns and goes back�察�failing in its stream�察�so that through the whole winter 

season   it   continues   to   be   low�察  �and   until   the   summer   solstice   returns。   Of 

none of these things was I able to receive any account from the Egyptians�察�

when I inquired of them what power the Nile has whereby it is of a nature 

opposite to that of all other rivers。 And I made inquiry�察�desiring to know 

both this which I say and also why�察�unlike all other rivers�察�it does not give 

rise to any breezes blowing from it。 However some of the Hellenes who 

desired   to   gain   distinction   for   cleverness   have   given   an   account   of   this 

water in three different ways�此�two of these I do not think it worth while 

even to speak of except only to indicate their nature�察�of which the one says 

that    the   Etesian    Winds     are   the   cause    that   makes     the   river   rise�察  �by 

preventing the Nile from  flowing out into the sea。 But often the   Etesian 

Winds fail and yet the Nile does the same work as it is wont to do�察�and 

moreover�察�if these were the cause�察�all the other rivers also which flow in a 

direction opposed to the Etesian Winds ought to have been affected in the 

same way as the Nile�察�and even more�察�in as much as they are smaller and 

present   to   them   a   feebler   flow   of   streams�此  �but   there   are   many   of   these 

rivers in Syria and many also in Libya�察�and they are affected in no such 

manner   as   the   Nile。   The   second   way   shows   more   ignorance   than   that 



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which has been   mentioned�察 �and it   is   more   marvellous to   tell�察  �for   it says 

that the river produces these effects because it flows from the Ocean�察�and 

that the Ocean flows round the whole earth。 The third of the ways is much 

the   most   specious�察  �but   nevertheless   it   is   the   most   mistaken   of   all�此  �for 

indeed this way has no more truth in it than the rest�察�alleging as it does that 

the Nile flows from melting snow�察�whereas it flows out of Libya through 

the midst of the Ethiopians�察�and so comes out into Egypt。 How then should 

it flow from snow�察�when it flows from the hottest parts to those which are 

cooler�拭�And indeed most of the facts are such as to convince a man ��one at 

least who is capable of reasoning about such matters���察�that it is not at all 

likely that it flows from snow。 The first and greatest evidence is afforded 

by the winds�察�which blow hot from these regions�察�the second is that the 

land   is   rainless   always   and   without   frost�察  �whereas   after   snow   has   fallen 

rain must necessarily come within five days�察�so that if it snowed in those 

parts   rain   would   fall   there�察  �the   third   evidence   is   afforded   by   the   people 

dwelling there�察�who are of a black colour by reason of the burning heat。 

Moreover   kites   and   swallows   remain   there   through   the   year   and   do   not 

leave the land�察�and cranes flying from the cold weather which comes on in 

the region of Scythia come regularly to these parts for wintering�此�if then it 

snowed   ever   so   little   in   that   land   through   which   the   Nile   flows   and   in 

which it has its rise�察�none of these things would take place�察�as necessity 

compels us to admit。 As for him who talked about the Ocean�察�he carried 

his   tale   into   the   region   of   the   unknown�察  �and   so   he   need   not   be   refuted�察�

since I for my part know of no river Ocean existing�察�but I think that Homer 

or    one   of   the   poets    who    were    before     him   invented      the  name     and 

introduced it into his verse。 

     If however after I have found fault with the opinions proposed�察�I am 

bound   to   declare   an   opinion   of   my   own   about   the   matters   which   are   in 

doubt�察�I will tell what to my mind is the reason why the Nile increases in 

the   summer。   In   the   winter   season   the   Sun�察  �being   driven   away   from   his 

former path through the heaven by the stormy winds�察�comes to the upper 

parts of Libya。 If one would set forth the matter in the shortest way�察�all has 

now been said�察�for whatever region this god approaches most and stands 

directly   above�察  �this   it   may   reasonably   be   supposed   is   most   in   want   of 



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water�察�and its native streams of rivers are dried up most。 However�察�to set it 

forth   at   greater   length�察  �thus   it   is��the   Sun   passing   in   his   course   by   the 

upper parts of Libya�察�does thus�察�that is to say�察�since at all times the air in 

those   parts   is   clear   and   the   country   is   warm�察  �because   there   are   no   cold 

winds�察�in passing through it the Sun does just as he was wont to do in the 

summer�察�when going through the midst of the heaven�察�that is he draws to 

himself the water�察�and having drawn it he drives it away to the upper parts 

of the country�察�and the winds take it up and scattering it abroad melt it into 

rain�察�so it is natural that the winds which blow from this region�察�namely 

the South and South´west Winds�察�should be much the most rainy of all the 

winds。 I think however that the Sun does not send away from himself all 

the water of the Nile of each year�察�but that also he lets some remain behind 

with himself。 Then when the winter becomes milder�察�the Sun returns back 

again   to   the   midst   of   the   heaven�察  �and   from  that   time   onwards   he   draws 

equally   from   all   rivers�察  �but   in   the   meantime   they   flow   in   large   volume�察�

since   water   of   rain   mingles   with   them   in   great   quantity�察  �because   their 

country   receives   rain   then   and   is   filled   with   torrent   streams。   In   summer 

however they are weak�察�since not only the showers of rain fail t
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��1�� 家��2��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��