嗔秤戻幣�哉膵�云利匈嬉蝕湊蛸賜�塋床四衲���萩晦編報炎嘔囚^泡仟 ̄云利匈��
the soul of the far east(垓叫議痩至)-及18何蛍
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��
idea a shade more politely than its predecessor�察 �only the very lowest
meaning anything so plebeian as simply ;to give。; Sets of laudatory or
depreciatory adjectives are employed in the same way。 Lastly�察�the word
for ;is�察─�which strictly means ;exists�察─�expresses this existence under three
different forms��in a matter´of´fact�察 �a flowing�察 �or an inflated style�察 �the
solid�察 �liquid�察 �and gaseous states of conversation�察 �so to speak�察 �to suit the
person addressed。 But three forms being far too few for the needs of so
elaborate a politeness�察 �these are supplemented by many interpolated
grades。
Terms of respect are applied not only to those mortals who are held in
estimation higher than their fellows�察 �but to all men indiscriminately as
well。 The grammatical attitude of the individual toward the speaker is of
as much importance as his social standing�察�I being beneath contempt�察�and
you above criticism。
Honorifics are used not only on all possible occasions for courtesy�察�but
at times�察�it would seem�察�upon impossible ones�察�for in some instances the
43
´ Page 44´
The Soul of the Far East
most subtle diagnosis fails to reveal in them a relevancy to anybody。
That the commonest objects should bear titles because of their connection
with some particular person is comprehensible�察 �but what excuse can be
made for a phrase like the following�察 �It respectfully does that the august
seat exists�察─ �all of which simply means ;is�察─ �and may be applied to
anything�察�being the common wordin Japanese it is all one word nowfor
that apparently simple idea。 It would seem a sad waste of valuable
material。 The real reason why so much distinguished consideration is
shown the article in question lies in the fact that it is treated as existing
with reference to the person addressed�察�and therefore becomes ipso facto
august。
Here is a still subtler example。 You are�察 �we will suppose�察 �at a tea´
house�察 �and you wish for sugar。 The following almost stereotyped
conversation is pretty sure to take place。 I translate it literally�察 �simply
prefacing that every tea´house girl�察�usually in the first blush of youth�察�is
generically addressed as ;elder sister�察─ �another honorific�察 �at least so
considered in Japan。
You clap your hands。 ��Enter tea´house maiden。��
You。 Hai�察�elder sister�察�augustly exists there sugar�拭�
The T。 H。 M。 The honorable sugar�察�augustly is it�拭�
You。 So�察�augustly。
The T。 H。 M。 He ��indescribable expression of assent��。 ��Exit tea´
house maiden to fetch the sugar。��
Now�察�the ;augustlies; go almost without saying�察�but why is the sugar
honorable�拭 �Simply because it is eventually going to be offered to you。
But she would have spoken of it by precisely the same respectful title�察�if
she had been obliged to inform you that there was none�察�in which case it
never could have become yours。 Such is politeness。 We may note�察�in
passing�察�that all her remarks and all yours�察�barring your initial question�察�
meant absolutely nothing。 She understood you perfectly from the first�察�and
you knew she did�察 �but then�察 �if all of us were to say only what were
necessary�察�the delightful art of conversation would soon be nothing but a
science。
The average Far Oriental�察�indeed�察�talks as much to no purpose as his
44
´ Page 45´
The Soul of the Far East
Western cousin�察 �only in his chit´chat politeness replaces personalities。
With him�察 �self is suppressed�察 �and an ever´present regard for others is
substituted in its stead。
A lack of personality is�察�as we have seen�察�the occasion of this courtesy�察�
it is also its cause。
That politeness should be one of the most marked results of
impersonality may appear surprising�察�yet a slight examination will show it
to be a fact。 Looked at a posteriori�察�we find that where the one trait exists
the other is most developed�察 �while an absence of the second seems to
prevent the full growth of the first。 This is true both in general and in
detail。 Courtesy increases�察 �as we travel eastward round the world�察�
coincidently with a decrease in the sense of self。 Asia is more courteous
than Europe�察 �Europe than America。 Particular races show the same
concomitance of characteristics。 France�察 �the most impersonal nation of
Europe�察�is at the same time the most polite。
Considered a priori�察�the connection between the two is not far to seek。
Impersonality�察�by lessening the interest in one's self�察�induces one to take an
interest in others。 Introspection tends to make of man a solitary animal�察�
the absence of it a social one。 The more impersonal the people�察�the more
will the community supplant the individual in the popular estimation。
The type becomes the interesting thing to man�察�as it always is to nature。
Then�察 �as the social desires develop�察 �politeness�察 �being the means to their
enjoyment�察�develops also。
A second omission in Japanese etymology is that of gender。 That
words should be credited with sex is a verbal anthropomorphism that
would seem to a Japanese exquisitely grotesque�察 �if so be that it did not
strike him as actually immodest。 For the absence of gender is simply
symptomatic of a much more vital failing�察�a disregard of sex。 Originally�察�
as their language bears witness�察�the Japanese showed a childish reluctance
to recognizing sex at all。 Usually a single sexless term was held
sufficient for a given species�察 �and did duty collectively for both sexes。
Only where a consideration of sex thrust itself upon them�察 �beyond the
possibility of evasion�察 �did they employ for the male and the female
distinctive expressions。 The more intimate the relation of the object to
45
´ Page 46´
The Soul of the Far East
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��